期刊：
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2024年 ISSN：0022-5142
作者机构：
[Ding, Yuqin; Zhang, Lingzhi; Mo, Yijie; Ren, Jing; Zhang, Xia; Guo, Xiao; Lin, Yanxin] College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
摘要：
Screening and identifying the active compounds in foods are important for the development and utilization of functional foods. In this study, the anti-enteritis activity of ethanol extract from Camellia oleifera oil (PECS) was quickly evaluated using a Smurf Drosophila model and the metabolomics approach, combined with molecular docking techniques, were performed to rapidly screen and identify compounds with potential anti-enteritis activity in PECS. PECS showed good anti-enteritis activity and inhibited the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In particular, wighteone and p-octopamine were newly identified in C. oleifera oil and were proven to have good anti-enteritis activity. The inhibitory activity of kaempferitrin (IC(50) = 0.365 mmol L(-1)) was higher than that of wighteone (IC(50) = 0.424 mmol L(-1)) and p-octopamine (IC(50) = 0.402 mmol L(-1)). Of note, the IC(50) value of salazosulfapyridine was 0.810 mmol L(-1). Inhibition of LOX activity is likely one of the anti-enteritis mechanisms of PECS. These new findings lay the foundation for further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of anti-enteritis activity in C. oleifera oil.
摘要：
With the increase in people's living standards, the number of patients suffering from liver injury keeps on increasing. Traditional diagnostic methods can no longer meet the needs of early and accurate diagnosis due to their limitations in application. However, fluorescent probes based on different fluorophores and nanomaterials have been gradually lighting up medical research due to their unique properties, such as high specificity and non-invasiveness. In addition, accurate identification of the different types of liver injury biomarkers can significantly improve the level of early diagnosis. Therefore, this review reviews the fluorescent probes used in the detection of biomarkers of liver injury over recent years and briefly summarizes the corresponding biomarkers of different types of liver injury. Impressively, this review also lists the structures and the response mechanisms of the different probes, and concludes with an outlook, suggesting directions in which improvements can be made. Finally, we hope that this review will contribute to the further development of fluorescent probes for the early diagnosis and assessment of liver injury. With the increase in people's living standards, the number of patients suffering from liver injury keeps on increasing.
通讯机构：
[Li, P ] N;Nanjing Univ Finance & Econ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Modern Grain Circulat & Saf, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Apple juice;Hg(II) removal;Nano‑selenium functionalized chitosan gel beads
摘要：
The presence of potentially toxic elements and compounds poses threats to the quality and safety of fruit juices. Among these, Hg(II) is considered as one of the most poisonous heavy metals to human health. Traditional chitosan-based and selenide-based adsorbents face challenges such as poor adsorption capacity and inconvenient separation in juice applications. In this study, we prepared nano‑selenium functionalized chitosan gel beads (nanoSe@CBs) and illustrated the synergistic promotions between chitosan and nanoSe in removing Hg(II) from apple juice. The preparation conditions, adsorption behaviors, and adsorption mechanism of nanoSe@CBs were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the adsorption process was primarily controlled by chemical adsorption. At the 0.1% dosage, the adsorbent exhibited high uptake, and the maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm model could reach 376.5mg/g at room temperature. The adsorbent maintained high adsorption efficiency (> 90%) across a wide range of Hg(II) concentrations (0.01 to 10mg/L) and was unaffected by organic acids present in apple juice. Additionally, nanoSe@CBs showed negligible effects on the quality of apple juice. Overall, nanoSe@CBs open up possibilities to be used as a safe, low-cost and highly-efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from juices and other liquid foods.
关键词：
Osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation;Polysaccharide;Sparassis crispa;Structural characterization
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from Sparassis crispa and their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Three fractions (F-1, F-2, and F-3) were obtained from crude polysaccharides by a DEAE-52 cellulose column. The main fraction (F-1) was further purified by polysaccharide gel purification systems to obtain purified water-soluble Sparassis crispa polysaccharide (SCPS). The chemical structure of SCPS was analyzed by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The monosaccharide compositional analysis revealed that SCPS consisted of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid in a molar ratio of 17.37:1.94:25.52:30.83:1.14:0.30:4.98:2.87:2.65. Moreover, the backbone of SCPS was composed of →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, with side chains attached to the backbone at the O-6 positions through the →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ linkage. The in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of SCPS on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. The results showed that SCPS significantly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mouse osteoblasts, indicating their potential as a pharmaceutical agent for promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
摘要：
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
摘要：
The development of new imaging and treatment nanoprodrug systems is highly demanded for diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer, a severe disease characterized by a high recurrence rate. Currently, available small molecule drugs are not possible for cancer diagnosis because of the fast diffusion of imaging agents and low efficacy in treatment due to poor water solubility and significant toxic side effects. In this study, we report the development of a tumor microenvironment activatable nanoprodrug system for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This nanoprodrug system can accumulate in the tumor site and be selectively activated by an excess of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the tumor microenvironment, releasing near-infrared solid-state organic fluorescent probe (HPQCY-1) and phenylboronic acid-modified camptothecin (CPT) prodrug. Both HPQCY-1 and CPT prodrugs can be further activated in tumor sites for achieving more precise in situ near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and treatment while reducing the toxic effects of drugs on normal tissues. Additionally, the incorporation of hydrophilic multivalent chitosan as a carrier effectively improved the water solubility of the system. This research thus provides a practical new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
作者机构：
[Gao, Shang] College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Electronic address: gaoshang1992tj@qq.com;[Zhou, Meng] College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Electronic address: 15136750282@163.com;[Xu, Jinghua] College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: 459093739@qq.com;[Xu, Feng] College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Electronic address: xufeng198@126.com;[Zhang, Weiwei] College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Electronic address: wwzhangchn@163.com
通讯机构：
[Gao, Shang; Xu, Feng; Xu, Jinghua; Zhou, Meng; Zhang, Weiwei] C;College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Electronic address:;College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address:
摘要：
Rice is an important food in the world, and selenium (Se) is a necessary trace element for the human. So the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) on photosynthetic capacity, yield and quality of rice at different stages were studied. The results show that SeMet can increase the Ppotosynthetic capacity of rice leaves during each growth stage, the effect of 5mg/L SeMet treatment was the most significant. At the mature stage of rice, SeMet significantly increased rice yield and total plant biomass, 7.5and 5mg/L SeMet treatments had the most significant effects, respectively. In addition, SeMet significantly improved the content of Se and processing quality of rice, decreased chalkiness, inhibited amylose synthesis, and optimized flavor. The above indices showed the best results after treatment with 5mg/L SeMet. It is hoped that this study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic selenium in rice production.
期刊：
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2024年416(5):1307-1307 ISSN：1618-2642
通讯作者：
Sili Yi<&wdkj&>Qian Wen
作者机构：
[Shan Luo; Ruichen Peng; Ying Wang; Jiali Ren; Wang Li; Ying Xiong] Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;[Xianjun Liu] State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;[Sili Yi] College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Early Warning, Hunan Institute Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;[Qian Wen] Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Early Warning, Hunan Institute Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Sili Yi] C;[Qian Wen] H;College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Early Warning, Hunan Institute Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
摘要：
In this study, we aimed to synthesis of Fe -doping green fluorescent carbon dots (G -CDs) through the coelectrolysis of chrysoidine G and potassium ferrocyanide for Cr(VI) detection. The use of potassium ferrocyanide improves the quantum yield and sensing performance of G -CDs toward Cr(VI). The G -CDs have a maximum excitation wavelength of 308 nm and an emission wavelength of 510 nm. Comprehensive analyses including Raman, FT-IR, and XPS provided insights into the chemical structure and composition of the G -CDs. Under optimal conditions, G -CDs demonstrated concentration -dependent quenching upon interaction with Cr(VI). A linear relationship within the range of 0.25-100 mu M was established with a calibration equation of Delta F/F0 = 0.005 + 0.015CCr(VI), yielding an R2 value of 0.996 and a limit of detection of 0.15 mu M. The applicability of the GCDs method was demonstrated by successful Cr(VI) detection in water samples with recovery rates ranging from 98.8 % to 100.1 % and relative standard deviation within 3.0 %. The fluorescence lifetime and Zeta potential measurements confirmed that the mechanism was via a static quenching process, while redox reaction, nanoparticle aggregation, and surface charge variation also played significant roles.
期刊：
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2024年:1-18 ISSN：0738-8551
通讯作者：
Li, W
作者机构：
[He, JinTao; Zhong, FeiFei; Deng, Jing; Li, Wen; Tang, Min; Li, Juan; Zhang, Lin; Lin, QinLu] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Natl Engn Res Ctr Rice & Byprod Deep Proc, Hunan Prov Key Lab Edible Forestry Resources Safet, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, FeiFei] Changsha Inst Food & Drug Control, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Li, Wen; Lin, QinLu] Hunan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Seasonings Green M, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Li, Wen; Lin, QinLu] Nanjing Univ Finance & Econ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Modern Grain Circulat & Saf, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Xia, Xu] Huaihua Acad Agr Sci, Huaihua, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, W ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Natl Engn Res Ctr Rice & Byprod Deep Proc, Hunan Prov Key Lab Edible Forestry Resources Safet, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Microbial protein;application;one-carbon compounds;organic waste;resource valorization;synthesis process
摘要：
Global population growth and demographic restructuring are driving the food and agriculture sectors to provide greater quantities and varieties of food, of which protein resources are particularly important. Traditional animal-source proteins are becoming increasingly difficult to meet the demand of the current consumer market, and the search for alternative protein sources is urgent. Microbial proteins are biomass obtained from nonpathogenic single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. They contain large amounts of proteins and essential amino acids as well as a variety of other nutritive substances, which are considered to be promising sustainable alternatives to traditional proteins. In this review, typical approaches to microbial protein synthesis processes were highlighted and the characteristics and applications of different types of microbial proteins were described. Bacteria, fungi, and microalgae can be individually or co-cultured to obtain protein-rich biomass using starch-based raw materials, organic wastes, and one-carbon compounds as fermentation substrates. Microbial proteins have been gradually used in practical applications as foods, nutritional supplements, flavor modifiers, and animal feeds. However, further development and application of microbial proteins require more advanced biotechnological support, screening of good strains, and safety considerations. This review contributes to accelerating the practical application of microbial proteins as a promising alternative protein resource and provides a sustainable solution to the food crisis facing the world.
作者机构：
[Wu, W; Li, Fang; Wu, Xiaojuan; Wu, Wei; Li, Helin; Lin, Qinlu; Wu, XJ; Zhao, Mengmeng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Food Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Xiaoling] Chen Keming Food Mfg Co Ltd, Changsha 414000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, W ; Wu, XJ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Food Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
High internal phase Pickering emulsions;Interfacial adsorption properties;Protein oxidation;Rice bran protein fibril aggregates
摘要：
The effects of rice bran rancidity-induced protein oxidation and heating time on the stability of rice bran protein fibril aggregates (RBPFA)-high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were investigated. The optimal conditions for RBPFA-HIPPEs were 8 mg/mL RBPFA with an oil phase volume fraction of 75 %. Moderate oxidation (rice bran stored for 3 d) and moderate heating (8 h) enhanced the wettability, flexibility, diffusion rate, and adsorption rate of RBPFA, meanwhile, the rheological properties of RBPFA-HIPPEs increased. RBPFAHIPPEs could be stably stored for 50 d at 25 degree celsius. Moderate oxidized and moderate heated RBPFA-stabilized HIPPEs could remain stable after heat treatment and could be re-prepared after freeze-thaw (3 cycles). Additionally, the stability of RBPFA-HIPPEs was significantly related to the structural characteristics and interfacial properties of RBPFA. Overall, moderate oxidation and moderate heating enhanced the storage, thermal, and freeze-thaw stability of RBPFA-HIPPEs by improving the interfacial properties of RBPFA.
摘要：
JAZ proteins function as transcriptional regulators that form a jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) receptor complex with coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) and regulate plant growth and development. These proteins also act as key mediators in signal transduction pathways that activate the defense-related genes. Herein, the role of OsJAZ4 in rice blast resistance, a severe disease, was examined. The mutation of OsJAZ4 revealed its significance in Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) resistance and the seed setting rate in rice. In addition, weaker M. oryzae-induced ROS production and expression of the defense genes OsO4g10010, OsWRKY45, OsNAC4, and OsPR3 was observed in osjaz4 compared to Nipponbare (NPB); also, the jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin4 (GA4) content was significantly lower in osjaz4 than in NPB. Moreover, osjaz4 exhibited a phenotype featuring a reduced seed setting rate. These observations highlight the involvement of OsJAZ4 in the regulation of JA and GA4 content, playing a positive role in regulating the rice blast resistance and seed setting rate.
摘要：
Abstract Background and Objectives Rice bran is enriched with bioactive compounds, which makes it more competitive as a functional food raw material. The stabilization of rice bran can inhibit the activity of endogenous enzymes, reduce its oxidation sensitivity, and change its physical and chemical properties, providing more possibilities for its application in the food industry. In this study, rice bran from five stabilization treatments (atmospheric pressure cooking, high‐pressure cooking, atmospheric steam, microwave heating, and extrusion cooking) were investigated for their effect on the gel properties of indica rice flour. Findings Stabilized rice bran could enhance the hydration properties and increase the enthalpy value of rice flour. The gelatinization properties indicated that the viscosity and fluidity of the rice paste were increased, and the aggregation and rearrangement of rice starch were promoted. From the rheological properties, stabilized rice bran enhanced the viscoelasticity of the rice flour gel. In addition, the stabilized rice bran could also reduce the yield of freeze‐thawing water of the rice flour gel. Rice bran with thermal treatments can significantly improve the gel properties of indica rice flour. Conclusions Indica rice flour mixed with stabilized rice bran showed significant improvements in hydration, gelatinization, rheological properties, and freeze‐thaw stability. Significance and Novelty It is potential for the application of the gel from rice flour with stabilized rice bran in the starch‐based food industry.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. A total of 240 "Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire" crossbred pigs with an initial weight of 74.70 +/- 0.77 kg were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and 0.2% ELE group, with each group containing 10 replicates of 12 pigs per pen (half barrows and half gilts). The data showed dietary 0.2% ELE supplementation did not affect growth performance but tended to reduce the backfat thickness of the finishing pigs (p = 0.07). ELE diets increased pH value (p < 0.05) and meat color score (p = 0.01) and decreased 45 min L* value (p < 0.05), 24 h L* value (p = 0.01), pressurization loss (p = 0.01), and 24 h drip loss (p < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, accompanied by an increased (p < 0.05) proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.06) and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p = 0.05) compared to controls. In addition, ELE supplementation increased inosine monophosphate (IMP) (p = 0.01), sweet amino acids (AAs) (p < 0.05), and total free AA content (p = 0.05) in LD. Meanwhile, increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01) in both serum and LD muscle and decreased malondialdehyde content (p < 0.01) in LD muscle were detected with ELE treatment. Moreover, pigs fed ELE had a higher total protein (p < 0.01), albumin (p < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) and a lower total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triacylglycerols (p = 0.06) in serum. Consistently, significant effects of dietary ELE were observed on the relative mRNA expression of lipid metabolism in the backfat and the LD muscle, respectively. ELE attenuated lipogenic processes in backfat, decreasing the relative expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and upregulating the relative expression of adipose triacyl glyceride lipase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (p < 0.05). ELE also decreased the relative expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (p < 0.05), fatty acid translocase (p < 0.05), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (p < 0.01), and adipose triacyl glyceride lipase (p < 0.05) in LD muscle (p < 0.05). More specifically, lipogenesis appeared to be inhibited in both LD muscle and backfat, with the difference being that lipolysis was enhanced in backfat and inhibited in LD muscle. In conclusion, dietary ELE supplementation can potentially enhance carcass traits, sensory quality, and nutritional value of pork without negatively affecting intramuscular fat content. The underlying mechanism for these positive effects may be linked to the alterations in lipid metabolism and increased antioxidant capacity induced by ELE.
通讯机构：
[Luo, FJ ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Nutr, 498 Southern Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Natl Engn Res Ctr Rice & Byproduct Deep Proc, 498 South Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Hyperlipidemia is a common clinical disorder of lipid metabolism in modern society and is considered to be one of the major risk factors leading to cardiovascular-related diseases. Germinated brown rice (GBR) is a typical whole grain food. The lipid-lowering effect of GBR has received increasing attention, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. The gut microbiota has been proposed as a novel target for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GBR on the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The effect of GBR on hyperlipidemia was evaluated by measuring blood lipid levels and by pathological examination. The gut microbiota was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the protein and mRNA expression levels involved in cholesterol metabolism were detected by western blotting and RT-qPCR to find potential correlations. The results showed that GBR supplementation could effectively reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in the serum and alleviate the excessive accumulation of fat droplets caused by HFD. Moreover, GBR intervention improved HFD-fed gut microbiota disorder via increasing the diversity of the gut microbiota, reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improving gut barrier damage. In addition, GBR could inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis and promote cholesterol transport and excretion. These findings suggest that GBR may be a competitive candidate for the development of functional foods to prevent abnormal lipid metabolism. GBR could alleviate hyperlipidemia and its mechanism in the HFD-fed mice.
摘要：
Extensive research has been conducted on Camellia oleifera Abel., a cultivar predominantly distributed in China, to investigate its phytochemical composition, owning to its potential as an edible oil crop. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, as essential active constituents, play a significant role in contributing to the pharmacological effects of this cultivar. The saponins derived from C. oleifera (CoS) offer a diverse array of bioactivity benefits, including antineoplastic/bactericidal/inflammatory properties, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, as well as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation and pharmacological properties of CoS. Specially, we attempt to reveal the antitumor structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CoS-derived triterpenoids. The active substitution sites of CoS, namely, C-3, C-15, C-16, C-21, C-22, C-23, and C-28 pentacyclic triterpenoids, make it a unique and highly valuable substance with significant medicinal and culinary applications. As such, CoS can play a critical role in transforming people's lives, providing unique medicinal benefits, and contributing to the advancement of both medicine and cuisine.
摘要：
In this study, we investigated the impact of microbial interactions on Monascus pigment (MP) production. We established diverse microbial consortia involving Monascus purpureus and Lactobacillus fermentum. The addition of Lactobacillus fermentum (4% at 48 h) to the submerged fermentation of M. purpureus resulted in a significantly higher MP production compared to that achieved using the single -fermentation system. Co-cultivation with immobilized L. fermentum led to a remarkable increase of 59.18% in extracellular MP production, while mixed fermentation with free L. fermentum caused a significant decrease of 66.93% in intracellular MPs, contrasting with a marginal increase of 4.52% observed during co-cultivation with immobilized L. fermentum and the control group respectively. The findings indicate an evident enhancement in cell membrane permeability of M. purpureus when co-cultivated with immobilized L. fementum. Moreover, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying MP biosynthesis and secretion following inoculation with immobilized L. fementum, with specific emphasis on glycolysis, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism.
