关键词：
Bottom-up control;Carbon flow;Enzymatic activities;Legume intercropping;Nitrogen fertilization;Soil nematode food web
摘要：
Excessive nitrogen (N) loading poses a substantial risk to soil biodiversity and disrupts carbon (C) flows within the soil food web. Intercropping with legumes is often considered a sustainable way to maintain soil N availability and mitigate the associated detrimental effects. However, it remains unclear whether and how legume crops restore energetic attenuation caused by N loading within the soil food web. Here, we conducted a two-year field experiment using randomized block design in a subtropic Camellia oleifera plantation with high wet N deposition. We examined the effects of applying N fertilizers at normal or half levels (168 or 84kgN ha(-1)yr(-1)) and intercropping legumes (Arachis hypogaea or Cassia tora) on the soil nematode food web. We observed that N fertilization suppressed the majority of nematode trophic groups, weakened the stability of food web structure, and diminished the C flows across the bacterial and fungal energy channels. Conversely, intercropping with legumes (particularly with C. tora) bolstered the densities of bacterivore and fungivore nematodes. This enhancement facilitated interactions within the soil micro-food web, and subsequently augmented the C flows within their respective channels. Model predictions suggested that the detrimental effects of N fertilizers on the nematode food web are primarily linked to decreased soil pH resulting from soil N accumulation. Notably, higher soil organic C was found to mitigate these effects. Furthermore, N-enriched legume substrates played a beneficial role in stimulating soil microbial activities and facilitating C flows through bottom-up control. Our findings emphasize the positive impacts of legume crops on mitigating soil biodiversity loss and restoring energetic attenuation within soil food web under N-saturated soil conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for agroforestry management practices aimed at sustaining soil health and ecosystem resilience.
摘要：
Crossing Wolbachia‐infected males with uninfected females reduced the hatching rate by 28% compared with that when infected males were crossed with infected females. The number of eggs laid by Wolbachia‐free females was significantly lower than laid by infected females. Wolbachia had a dual effect on Velarifictorus aspersus reproduction, inducing incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility and promoting the fertility of infected females. Abstract Wolbachia is a maternally inherited endosymbiont of the phylum α‐Proteobacteria that is found widely in arthropods and nematodes. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the commonest endosymbiotic manipulation among arthropods, namely reduced embryo viability when Wolbachia‐infected males fertilize Wolbachia‐uninfected females. In this study, endosymbiont infection was investigated and crossing experiments were performed in the wing‐dimorphic cricket Velarifictorus aspersus (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) to clarify the effects of Wolbachia on host reproduction. All the tested individuals were infected with two Wolbachia strains, wAsp‐a and wAsp‐f, which belong to supergroup A and supergroup F, respectively. There were no obvious differences in the duration of nymph development or the proportions of females between the Wolbachia‐infected and Wolbachia‐free lines. However, crossing Wolbachia‐infected males with uninfected females reduced the hatching rate by 28% compared with that when infected males were crossed with infected females. The number of eggs laid by Wolbachia‐free females was significantly lower than laid by infected females, either mating with infected males or uninfected males. These results suggest that Wolbachia induced incomplete CI and enhanced female fertility in V. aspersus. Because no homologous cifA and cifB genes, which are involved in CI, were found in supergroups C, D and F, it might be considered that the CI of V. aspersus was induced by strain wAsp‐a of supergroup A. Moreover, the significant increase in the density of wAsp‐a Wolbachia with nymph development might be related to the regulation of CI.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2024年927:172171 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Wu, Qian;Yan, Wende
作者机构：
[Zhou, Ping; Guo, Xiaobin; Zheng, Wei; Wu, Jinshui] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China;[Zheng, Wei] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;[Zheng, Wei] Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China;[Zheng, Wei] National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China;[Wu, Qian] Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China. Electronic address: csfuwq@163.com
通讯机构：
[Wu, Qian] F;[Yan, Wende] N;Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China. Electronic address:;National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha 410004, PR China. Electronic address:
摘要：
Rocky desertification is one of the most ecological problems in the karst context. Although extensive research has been conducted to explore how to restore and protect, the responses of soil fungi and archaea to rocky desertification succession remain limited. Here, four grades of rocky desertification in a karst ecosystem were selected, amplicon sequencing analysis was conducted to investigate fungal and archaeal community adaptation in response to rocky desertification succession. Our findings revealed that the diversity and community structure of fungi and archaea in soils declined with the aggravation of rocky desertification. As the rocky desertification succession intensified, microbial interactions shifted from cooperation to competition. Microbial survival strategies were K-strategist and r-strategist dominated in the early and late stages of succession, respectively. Additionally, the driving factors affecting microorganisms have shifted from vegetation diversity to soil properties as the intensification of rocky desertification. Collectively, our study highlighted that plant diversity and soil properties play important roles on soil microbiomes in fragile karst ecosystems and that environmental factors induced by human activities might still be the dominant factor exacerbating rocky desertification, which could significantly enrich our understanding of microbial ecology within karst ecosystems.
作者机构：
[Chen, Yi; Zeng, Huijie; Chen, Y; Qiao, Zhongquan; Deng, Fuyuan] Hunan Acad Forestry, Hunan Prov Key Lab Forest Clonal Breeding, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Li, Lu; Li, Xuelu; Lei, Yuxing; Lu, Liushu] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Jianjun] Univ Florida, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Environm Hort Dept, 2725 S Binion Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA.
通讯机构：
[Chen, JJ ] U;[Chen, Y ] H;Hunan Acad Forestry, Hunan Prov Key Lab Forest Clonal Breeding, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Univ Florida, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Environm Hort Dept, 2725 S Binion Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA.
关键词：
Lagerstroemia indica;MADS box;gene family analysis;flower organs;infertility;plant hormones
摘要：
MADS-box is a key transcription factor regulating the transition to flowering and flower development. Lagerstroemia indica 'Xiang Yun' is a new cultivar of crape myrtle characterized by its non-fruiting nature. To study the molecular mechanism underlying the non-fruiting characteristics of 'Xiang Yun', 82 MADS-box genes were identified from the genome of L. indica. The physicochemical properties of these genes were examined using bioinformatics methods, and their expression as well as endogenous hormone levels at various stages of flower development were analyzed. The results showed that LiMADS genes were primarily classified into two types: type I and type II, with the majority being type II that contained an abundance of cis-acting elements in their promoters. By screening nine core proteins by predicted protein interactions and performing qRT-PCR analysis as well as in combination with transcriptome data, we found that the expression levels of most MADS genes involved in flower development were significantly lower in 'Xiang Yun' than in the wild type 'Hong Ye'. Hormonal analysis indicated that 'Xiang Yun' had higher levels of iP, IPR, TZR, and zeatin during its early stages of flower development than 'Hong Ye', whereas the MeJA content was substantially lower at the late stage of flower development of 'Hong Ye'. Finally, correlation analysis showed that JA, IAA, SA, and TZR were positively correlated with the expression levels of most type II genes. Based on these analyses, a working model for the non-fruiting 'Xiang Yun' was proposed. During the course of flower development, plant hormone response pathways may affect the expression of MADS genes, resulting in their low expression in flower development, which led to the abnormal development of the stamen and embryo sac and ultimately affected the fruiting process of 'Xiang Yun'.
通讯机构：
[Tong, ZH ] G;[Zhang, L] U;[Zhang, L ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Minist Forestry Bioethanol Res Ctr, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Georgia Inst Technol, Renewable Bioprod Inst, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
关键词：
Lignin depolymerization;Heterogeneous photo -Fenton catalyst;Enol ether intermediates;Recyclability;Selective bond cleavage
摘要：
Photocatalysis, which leverages sustainable solar energy to facilitate the conversion of lignin under mild conditions, has gained considerable research interest. Therefore, our study introduces a novel heterogeneous photoFenton reagent, Fe3O4@GO@TiO2, designed to selectively depolymerize lignin into aromatic chemicals using ultraviolet light as the energy source. This ternary photo-Fenton catalyst could effectively depolymerize approximately 90% of lignin model compounds. The model compounds without or with phenolic OH blocking yield guaiacol exclusively and predominantly guaiacol with aromatic aldehydes, respectively. The lignin degradation mechanism using the photo-Fenton catalyst (Fe3O4@GO@TiO2) involves the formation of an enol ether intermediate, followed by the cleavage of lignin beta-O-4 bonds, facilitated by a mild photon-stimulated reduction-oxidation Fenton process. Notably, the reduced GO plays a crucial role in two aspects. Firstly, it transfers and stabilizes the photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Secondly, it promotes the generation of radicals (center dot OH, center dot OOH) essential for selective degradation of the lignin side chains. Consequently, the average molecular weight of the lignin depolymerized product is half of that of the original lignin. Furthermore, this photocatalyst demonstrates recyclability, retaining 85% of its initial activity after five-time recycling. This tertiary Fentonphotocatalyst provides a novel approach for the selective depolymerization of lignin interunit bonds into valuable phenolic monomers under ambient conditions.
通讯机构：
[Yan, ML ] H;[Zeng, CZ; Liu, ZX ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Forestry Biotechnol, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Crop Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brown mustard;Cadmium tolerance;Cysteine;Reactive oxygen species;Oxidative stress
摘要：
The contamination of soil by cadmium (Cd) is a widely concerned environmental problem threatening plant growth and human health. The essential nutrient sulfur plays a crucial role in plant responses to Cd stress. Cysteine (Cys) is the first product of sulfur assimilation and plays a cardinal role for detoxicating heavy metals in plants. Brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern) has good application prospect in phytoremediation of heavy metals-polluted soil due to its high enrichment capacity for multiple heavy metals. However, the effect of exogenous Cys in mitigating Cd toxicity in B. juncea remains uncertain. This study explored the effect of exogenous Cys on improving the tolerance of B. juncea to Cd, and compared it with equimolar concentration of sulfate. The findings revealed that the optimum concentration of exogenous Cys to improve Cd tolerance was 1 mM. Exogenous application of Cys or sulfate elevated contents of endogenous Cys, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatin (PC), ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), as well as the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG, and enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), thus effectively attenuating Cd toxicity and significantly improving the photosynthetic rate and growth rate of Cd-stressed B. juncea seedlings. In summary, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Cys or sulfate is mainly dependent on enhancing nonenzymatic antioxidant system. Additionally, the effect of Cys on enhancing the tolerance of B. juncea to Cd is better than that of equimolar concentration of sulfate.
摘要：
Symplocos paniculata is a highly desirable oil species for biodiesel and premium edible oil feedstock. While germplasm preservation and breeding are crucial, the severity of seed dormancy poses a challenge to successful germination. We employed S. paniculata seeds as experimental materials and conducted an investigation into the types and causes of seed dormancy by analyzing the morphology and developmental characteristics of its embryo, exploring the water permeability property of the endocarp, and examining the presence of endogenous inhibitors, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for overcoming seed dormancy and maximizing germplasm resource utilization. The findings revealed that the seed embryo had matured into a fully developed embryo, and no dormancy in terms of embryo morphology was observed. Upon reaching maturity, the endocarp of seeds undergoes significant lignification, resulting in notable differences in water absorption between cracked and intact seeds. The impermeability of the endocarp is one of the factors contributing to mechanical restriction. The different phases of endosperm extraction exerted varying effects on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds, with the methanol phase exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. The presence of endogenous inhibitors emerged as the primary factor contributing to physiological dormancy in seeds. GC-MS analysis and validation trials revealed that fatty acids and phenolics, including hexadecanoic acid, oxadecanoic acid, and m-cresol, constituted the main types of endogenous inhibitory compounds found within the endosperm. These findings suggest that the seed dormancy in S. paniculata seeds has endocarp mechanical restriction, and the presence of endogenous inhibitors causes physiological dormancy.
作者机构：
[Wende Yan] National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;These authors contributed equally to this work.;[Yating Wu] Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Shuai Ouyang; Liang Chen] Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong, Huaihua 438107, China
通讯机构：
[Pifeng Lei] F;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Litter of different species coexists in the natural ecosystem and may induce non-additive effects during decomposition. Identifying and quantifying the origins of species in litter mixtures is essential for evaluating the responses of each component species when mixed with co-occurring species and then unraveling the underlying mechanism of the mixing effects of litter decomposition. Here, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the species composition and proportions of four-tree species foliage mixtures in association with litter crude ash and litter decomposition time. To simulate the whole mixed litter decomposition process in situ, a controlled mixture of four tree species litter leaves consisting of 15 tree species combinations and 193 artificial mixed-species samples were created for model development and verification using undecomposed pure tree species and decomposed litter of single tree species over one year. Two series of NIRS models were developed with the original mass and ash-free weight as reference values. The results showed that these NIRS models could provide an accurate prediction for the percentage of the component species from in the litter leaf mixture’s composition. The predictive ability of the near-infrared spectroscopy model declined marginally with the prolonged litter decomposition time. Furthermore, the model with ash-free litter mass as a reference exhibited a higher coefficient of determination (R2) and a lower standard error of prediction (RMSECV). Thus, our results demonstrate that NIRS presents great potential for not only predicting the organic composition and proportion in multi-species mixed samples in static conditions, but also for samples in dynamic conditions (i.e., during the litter decomposition process), which could facilitate evaluation of the species-specific responses and impacts on the interspecific interactions of co-occurring species in high-biodiversity communities.
作者机构：
National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China;College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Yi Shi; Shuailong Feng; Xi Peng; Rui Guo; Maochou Liu; Yuanyuan Li] National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;[Shuguang Liu] National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Shuguang Liu] N;National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
The urban heat island (UHI) represents an anthropogenic modification to the earth’s surface, and its relationship with urban development, built-up age dependency in particular, is poorly understood. We integrated global artificial impervious areas to analyze the impacts of built-up age and urban development intensity (UDI) on land surface temperatures (LSTs) in Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province of China, from 2000 to 2019. A key finding was that the built-up areas with different built-up ages were strongly associated with LST, and this relationship does not change significantly over time, suggesting temporal stability of spatial patterns of LSTs. This finding puts forward a challenge to the application of the classic concept of space-for-time in LST studies because the premise of space-for-time is that spatial and temporal variation are equivalent. This result reveals the vital importance of annual development activities on the urban thermal environment. Another highlighted result was LST sensitivity to UDI, an effective measure of the impact of urbanization on LST, which increased significantly from 0.255 °C per 10% UDI to 0.818 °C per 10% UDI. The more than doubling of LST sensitivity to UDI should be a major concern for city administration. These findings have crucial theoretical and practical significance for the regulation of LSTs and UHI.
摘要：
Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize the fermentation process of Radix Ranunculi ternate via microbial fermentation and analyze the changes in the contents of the main components, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacities of the extract before and after fermentation. Methods: The solid-state fermentation process was optimized using single-factor tests and the response surface method, with the yield of the alcohol extract of R. ternate as an evaluation index. Results: The best fermentation process was optimized using solid-state endophytic fungus fermentation technology as follows: strain addition ratio of Chaetomium globosum/Fusarium equiseti = 1:1, fermentation for 5 d, sieve size of 40 mesh, liquid/material ratio of 0.8:1 mL<middle dot>g(-1), fermentation temperature of 31 degrees C, and inoculation amount of 7.5%. Under the optimized conditions, the contents of the water-soluble extract and total polysaccharides decreased by 12.71% and 12.95%, respectively. In the fermentation, the contents of the ethanol-soluble extract, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, organic acids, and total amino acids of the fermented R. ternate increased by 19.77%, 57.14%, 79.67%, 14.29%, 17.63%, and 3.82%, respectively. The scavenging rate for DPPH, ABTS(+), and <middle dot>OH free radicals and inhibitory rate for alpha-amylase of the fermented R. ternate also increased by 19.02%, 14.17%, 7.53%, and 34.54%, respectively, compared with the unfermented R. ternate. Conclusions: Solid-state fermentation opens new avenues for the development and application of R. ternate as a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic food.
摘要：
Developing multifunctional materials with green, lasting, and simple preparation processes is a hot topic and challenge in solving the problem of oil spill contamination. A multifunctionalized superhydrophobic coating was generated via cross-linking 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl acrylate with Polyethyleneimine in a multifunctional covalent manner and modifying the cotton fabric surface with silylated modified rosin acid (RA-Si) as well as TiO2 nanoparticles. The coated samples had remarkable superhydrophobicity with self-cleaning as well as stain resistance. With bactericidal rates of 97.73 % and 98.36 %, respectively, the coated samples effectively inhibited the formation of biofilms and showed high antimicrobial performance for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, the coated samples showed outstanding oil absorption and separation of the oilwater mixture. Both water-in-oil and oil-in-water stable emulsions would be effectively separated out of the coated samples after demulsifying. Additionally, the water droplet contact angle of the coated samples was maintained at approximately 150.0 degrees after mechanical and chemical testing. It was noteworthy that the coated samples still exhibited satisfactory separation for stabilizing oil/water emulsions after mechanical wear and chemical corrosion treatment, indicating their excellent mechanical durability. The prepared multifunctional RATiO2 superhydrophobic coating has promising applications in oil-containing wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
摘要：
The fungal genus Nigrospora is known to be a plant pathogen, endophyte, and saprobe, and it is usually isolated from various substrates like soil and air. During the surveys of soil fungi in Hebei Province of China, two isolates of Nigrospora were obtained. A multi-locus phylogeny of combined loci of the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal gene with the two flanking transcribed spacers (ITS), part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and the beta-tubulin (tub2) loci, in conjunction with morphological characters were used to identify the newly collected isolates. Nigrospora humicola sp. Nov. is described and proposed herein, which differs from its phylogenetically close species N. chinensis and N. globosa by the sequences of ITS, tef1, and tub2.
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Shuai; Lei, Pifeng; Chen, Jinlei; Xiang, Wenhua; Fang, Xi] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Life Sci & Technol, 498 Southern Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ouyang, Shuai; Lei, Pifeng; Xiang, Wenhua; Fang, Xi] Chinese Fir Plantat Ecosyst Hunan Prov, Huitong Natl Stn Sci Observat & Res, Huitong 438107, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Anchi] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Anchi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xi Fang] F;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, China
摘要：
Shrubbery and young plantations, with a large number of tree species, take up a broad area in subtropical Chinese forests and contribute a significant part to forest biomass and carbon (C) stocks. However, the biomass and C stocks of shrubbery and young plantations were generally underestimated or excluded in forest biomass calculations due to the scarce of standard equations for estimating biomass. The aim of this study was to develop appropriate regression equations for biomass estimation of shrubbery and young plantations. A total of 108 individuals of 15 most widespread shrub and young tree species were sampled by destructive harvesting, and the dry weight of each component of trees, i.e., foliage, branch, stem and root were obtained. The dry biomass of each component was correlated with plant height (H), basal diameter of stem (D), crown area (CA) and their composite variables (DH)-H-2 and CV (CA x H) by using seemingly uncorrelated regression, and the best fitted model was chosen according to the determination coefficient (R-2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and percent relative standard errors (PRSE) less than 25%. In the species-specific equations, H, D or (DH)-H-2 were used as the appropriate independent variables in most of the equations, and only a few of them were CA or CV. In the multiple species equations, H was an important variable to predict the biomass, but the predictors of biomass equation for different functional groups or life forms were different due to diversity of external morphology. The species-specific equations had low biases, while the general equations for functional groups and life forms showed comparable biases, and the general equations for all species had the highest prediction biases. Therefore, general equations for functional groups or life forms are recommended to estimate biomass for species without species-specific allometric equations.
摘要：
Dietary parboiled rice (PR) has a low risk of disease, but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia. The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evaluated in this study. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD) containing refined rice (HFDRR) or PR (HFDPR). It was found that PR intervention improved lipid accumulation in mice. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 27 genes were up-regulated (mostly involved in lipid breakdown) and 86 genes were down-regulated (mostly involved in inflammatory responses) in the HFDPR group compared to the HFDRR group. And 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), while protein interaction network showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC) has a central role. The gut microbiota of mice was also altered after different dietary treatments, with higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, increased abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae, and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Actinobacteria in the HFDRR group. In addition, it was observed that PPAR signaling pathway may act as a bridge between DEGs and differential gut microbiota. These results suggested that PR can prevent hyperlipidemia by modulating liver genes and gut microbiota. (c) 2024 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
摘要：
随着全球气候变暖加剧,减少大气中二氧化碳(CO2)排放量、提高陆地生态系统碳储量已成为全球关注的焦点.土壤中存在大量自养微生物,具有将大气中CO2转化成有机物质的能力,对提高土壤碳吸收和碳储量有重要意义.探究土壤自养固碳微生物研究的发展与趋势,展示其知识结构和知识演化过程,可为后续研究提供参考和启示.采用VOSviewer软件对1991-2023年发表在Web of Science核心合集数据库中的文献进行分析,通过分析发文量、作者合作共现、机构合作、国家分布、关键词共现及关键词聚类和演变趋势等,系统梳理土壤自养固碳微生物研究的现状与发展趋势.结果表明,土壤自养固碳微生物研究在2016年后蓬勃发展,中国和美国学者是重要的研究力量;中国为发文量最多的国家,中国科学院为发文量最多的研究机构.热门的研究方向为自养微生物固碳潜力、固碳途径、功能种群及其固碳过程的调控机制等.在系统阐述土壤自养固碳微生物研究发展态势基础上,提出未来可能的重要研究方向,有助于该研究的发展.
摘要：
Traditional powder-coated photoanodes suffer from poor interfacial-tightness and high complex interfacial mass transfer resistance. In addition, the treatment rate of photoanodes on antibiotics is limited due to the electrode active area and the mutual restriction between the electrode and the height of treated liquid. Ar-ZnO/Ti3+-TiO2- NTs photoanode in this study solved the above problems. Ti3+-TiO2 nanotubes (Ti3+-TiO2-NTs) after electro-chemical reduction were used as the conductive substrate. MOF-5 was grown in situ on the substrate by pulsed deposition and microwave hydrothermal self-assembly, which provided both high active sites and effective photosensitivity. Finally, Ar-ZnO/Ti3+-TiO2-NTs photoanode was constructed after reduction atmosphere sculpture. The stable structure of TiO2 hollow nanotubes and the three-dimensional network structure of MOF-5 were beneficial to improve the high-pressure resistance of the structure in the process of photoanode application. Meanwhile, the reduced self-doping of Ti3+ enhanced the substrate conductivity, the pulsed deposition of Zn decreased ion leaching, and the microwave accelerated the self-assembly process of MOF-5. The Ar-ZnO/Ti3+- TiO2-NTs photoanode performed excellent degradability for multiple antibiotics (greater than 90%, 60 min) with the photoelectrocatalytic synergy factor of 21.16, and the performance was maintained after three months. This work enriched photoelectrode development, and provide novel ideas for MOFs to participate in antibiotic removal.
关键词：
Ecological restoration;Phytoremediation;Waterlogging;Wetland contamination;Willow species
摘要：
Aggravated metal pollution in wetland and riparian zones has become a global environmental issue, necessitating the identification of sustainable remediation approaches. Salix exhibits great potential as a viable candidate for metal(loid) remediation. However, the underlying mechanisms for its effectiveness in different flooding regimes with Pb pollution have not been extensively studied. In this study, fast-growing Salix×jiangsuensis 'J172' was selected and planted in different Pb polluted soils (control, 400 and 800mg ∙ kg(-1)) under non-flooded and flooded (CF: continuous flooding and IF: intermittent flooding) conditions for 60 days. This study aimed to explore the effects of flooding on Salix growth performance, physiological traits, and the relationship between Pb uptake/translocation and root Fe plaques. Salix×jiangsuensis 'J172' exhibited excellent tolerance and adaptation to Pb pollution with a tolerance index (TI) exceeding 0.6, even at the highest Pb levels. Moreover, the TIs under flooded conditions were higher than that under non-flooded conditions, suggesting that flooding could alleviate Pb toxicity under co-exposure to Pb and flooding. Leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited a dose-dependent response to Pb exposure; however, CF or IF mitigated the oxidative damage induced by Pb toxicity with decreased MDA content (2.2-11.9%). The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were generally enhanced by flooding, but combined stress (flooding and Pb) significantly decreased catalase activity. Pb was predominantly accumulated in Salix roots, and flooding markedly increased root Pb accumulation by 19.2-173.0% compared to non-flooded condition. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the iron (Fe) content of the root plaque and root Pb accumulation, indicating that the formation of Fe plaque on the root surface could enhance the phytostabilization of Pb in Salix. The current findings highlight that fast-growing woody plants are suitable for phyto-management of metal-polluted wetlands and can potentially minimize the risk of metal mobility in soils.
作者机构：
[Pan, Gao] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. Electronic address: windypg@126.com;[Li, Xinhang; Wang, Wumin] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China;[Pan, Deng] Central South Academy of Inventory and Planning of NFGA, Changsha, 410014, PR China. Electronic address: 695612763@qq.com;[Liu, Wensheng] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. Electronic address: Liuwsairr@163.com
通讯机构：
[Deng Pan; Wensheng Liu] C;Central South Academy of Inventory and Planning of NFGA, Changsha, 410014, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China
关键词：
Antioxidant enzymes;Chemical forms;Funneliformis mosseae;Heavy metal;Osmotic regulating substances;Subcellular distribution
摘要：
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate heavy metal phytotoxicity and promote plant growth, while the underlying mechanisms of AMF symbiosis with host plants under manganese (Mn) stress remain elusive. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the plant growth, micro-structure, Mn accumulation, subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological and biochemical response of Rhus chinensis inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (FM) under different Mn treatments. The results showed that compared with plants without FM, FM-associated plants exhibited higher growth status, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthesis under Mn stress. FM-associated plants were able to maintain greater integrity in mesophyll structure, higher thickness of leaf, upper epidermis, and lower epidermis under Mn treatment, and promote leaf growth. Mn accumulation in leaves (258.67-2230.50mgkg(-1)), stems (132.67-1160.00mgkg(-1)), and roots (360.92-2446.04mgkg(-1)) of the seedlings inoculated with FM was higher than non-inoculated ones. FM-associated plants exhibited higher osmotic regulating substances and antioxidant enzymes' activities under Mn exposure, suggesting lower Mn toxicity in FM inoculated seedlings, despite the augment in Mn accumulation. After FM inoculation, Mn concentration (151.04-1211.32mgkg(-1)) and percentage (64.41-78.55%) enhanced in the cell wall, whilst the transport of Mn to aerial plant organs decreased. Furthermore, FM symbiosis favored the conversion of Mn from high toxic forms (2.17-15.68% in F(Ethanol), 11.37-24.52% in F(deionized water)) to inactive forms (28.30-38.15% in F(NaCl), 18.07-28.59% in F(HAc), 4.41-17.99% in F(HCl)) with low phytotoxicity. Our study offers a theoretical basis for remediation of the FM- R. chinensis symbiotic system in Mn-contaminated environments.
摘要：
Our study showed that the hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) titer exhibited a high‐amplitude daily rhythm in long‐winged female Velarifictorus aspersus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), a species showing wing dimorphism. The crickets utilized glycogen and trehalose as flight fuel. The high‐amplitude daily rhythm of the JH titer was correlated with biosynthesis of flight energy substances and flight ability; that is, an elevated JH titer promoted the biosynthesis of flight energy substances, resulting in the improvement of flight capacity. Abstract The cricket Velarifictorus aspersus (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) exhibits a wing dimorphism mediating two distinct life‐history strategies during early adulthood; long‐winged (LW) females mainly invest resources in flight, whereas short‐winged (SW) females invest more heavily in reproduction than LW females. To understand the relationships among juvenile hormone (JH), flight capacity, and energy accumulation, the daily rhythm of JH titer and flight activity, the concentrations of flight energy substances, and the influence of exogenous JH on flight activity and flight energy substances were investigated in V. aspersus. The results showed that the hemolymph JH titer exhibited a high‐amplitude daily rhythm in 5‐day‐old LW V. aspersus females, and the JH titer rose about 10× at 18:00 hours (6 h before lights off) and dropped to baseline levels after lights off. The females flew inactively (i.e., they floated in the air) from 14:00 to 19:00 hours during the light period, whereas they had a stronger flight capacity in the initial photophase and before lights out. The flight ability of LW females with 20 μg μL−1 JH treatments was significantly improved during periods of flight inactivity. After the peak JH titer, the concentrations of glycogen and trehalose in the flight muscles increased significantly. The LW females treated with JH during the inactive flight period had a significant increase in glycogen after 1 h and trehalose after 3 h. These results suggested that the high‐amplitude daily rhythm of the JH titer was correlated with accumulation of flight energy substance and flight capacity; that is, an elevated JH titer promoted the biosynthesis of flight energy substances, resulting in improvement of flight capacity.
摘要：
Fat storage and weight gain are dominant traits for hibernating mammals. However, excessive fat accumulation may cause liver damage. Here, we explore the lipid accumulation and metabolic processes of the Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), a hibernating rodent species. We find that the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in food was consistent with a large increase in the body mass of Himalayan marmots. Metagenomic analysis shows that Firmicutes Bacterium CAG:110 plays a synergistic role by synthesizing UFAs, which is demonstrated by fecal transplantation experiments, indicating that the gut microbiome promotes fat storage in Himalayan marmots for hibernation. Microscopic examination results indicate that the risk of fatty liver appears at maximum weight; however, liver function is not affected. Upregulations of UFA catabolism and insulin-like growth factor binding protein genes provide an entry point for avoiding liver injury.
