作者机构：
[Shi, Muling; Hong, Chao; Shi, ML] Hainan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Trop Ocean Engn Mat & Mat Evaluat, Key Lab Electron Microscopy Hainan Prov P, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Muling; Shi, ML] Hunan Univ, Mol Sci & Biomed Lab, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Sixian; Yang, Yiqing; Pu, Zhangjie] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Forestry Biotechnol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shi, ML ] H;Hainan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Trop Ocean Engn Mat & Mat Evaluat, Key Lab Electron Microscopy Hainan Prov P, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Mol Sci & Biomed Lab, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Modern research in nutrition science is transitioning from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies, in which Raman spectroscopy plays a crucial role. Raman spectroscopy and its derived techniques are gaining recognition in nutrition science for their features, such as high-speed, non-destructive analysis, label-free multiple detection and high sensitivity. Raman-enhancing techniques have further improved the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and widely extended its detection and imaging applications in nutrient analysis, as well as in ancillary tasks for nutrition research, such as nutrient status evaluation, nutrient interaction and metabolism studies. Further development of Raman-based analytical approaches lies in the improvement of instruments with higher precision, as well as the incorporation of other analytical techniques and advanced data analysis tools. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with a specific focus on Raman technology, in the field of food and nutrition science research. Instead of delving into the quantitative or qualitative detection capabilities of Raman technology, we highlight the remarkable food analysis and nutrition research methods established by this technology. Generally, this review introduces the characteristics and applications of Raman technology in nutrition analysis and discusses the limitations and future prospects of Raman spectroscopy for nutrition monitoring.
摘要：
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
摘要：
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
摘要：
Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma (Agaricomycetes). Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) as a target, a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro (SYP) was discovered with preponderant ACE inhibitory activity with an 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) value of 62.50 mu g/mL attribute to the formed salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between SYP and ACE. SYP even maintained superior bioactivity after intestinal digestion, and exerted no cytotoxicity, but presented incomplete bioavailability in blood of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Furthermore, it performed antihypertensive effect in vivo by inhibiting the influx of Ca2+ through activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)/NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, accompanied by attenuating angiotensin II (Ang II)/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. This work not only discoverers a novel pharmacological ingredient from medicinal mushroom G. lingzhi for hypertension therapy, but also provides an insight into molecular mechanism of the ACE inhibitory peptide (ACEIP) on lowering blood pressure. (c) 2025 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
关键词：
Deep removal;Smelting wastewater;Adsorption;Rich pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon;Tl(I)
摘要：
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2025年958:178115 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Weili Jia<&wdkj&>Chuanxin Ma
作者机构：
[Xu, Xinxin; Hao, Yi; Cai, Zeyu] Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;[Cao, Yini] Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China;[Jia, Weili] SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: weili.jia@m.scnu.edu.cn;[Zhao, Jian] Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;[White, Jason C] The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
通讯机构：
[Weili Jia] S;[Chuanxin Ma] G;SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China<&wdkj&>Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
摘要：
Boron (B) deficiency affects over 132 crop species globally, making effective B supplement crucial for enhancing agricultural yield and health. This study explores an innovative application of nanoscale boron nitride (nano-BN) as a sustainable solution for addressing B deficiency in crops. Cucumber seedlings were treated with different contents of nano-BN under greenhouse conditions and both B and N ionic treatments were set as comparisons. Results show that soil application of 10 mg/kg nano-BN achieved a remarkable 15.8 % increase in fresh weight compared to the control. Notably, nano-BN exhibited superior efficiency in providing essential micronutrients without inducing toxicity as compared to traditional ionic B sources. Phytohormone correlation analysis reveals that nano-BN application significantly enhances levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins while reducing abscisic acid (ABA), fostering optimal plant growth conditions. Furthermore, increases in dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in the rhizosphere improve nutrient availability and promote beneficial microbial activity in the soil as affected by nano-BN. Metagenomics techniques were used to investigate the impact of nano-BN on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, alongside its effects on the soil microbiome. The upregulation of genes associated with fermentation pathways as affected by nano-BN suggests the enhanced carbon cycling. Additionally, nano-BN upregulated a number of functional genes involved in nitrogen-based processes, leading to a significant increase in microorganisms harboring nitrogen-fixing genes, including Phenylobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Reyranella. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the application of nano-BN in agriculture to sustainably increase crop productivity and enhance the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen cycling.
Boron (B) deficiency affects over 132 crop species globally, making effective B supplement crucial for enhancing agricultural yield and health. This study explores an innovative application of nanoscale boron nitride (nano-BN) as a sustainable solution for addressing B deficiency in crops. Cucumber seedlings were treated with different contents of nano-BN under greenhouse conditions and both B and N ionic treatments were set as comparisons. Results show that soil application of 10 mg/kg nano-BN achieved a remarkable 15.8 % increase in fresh weight compared to the control. Notably, nano-BN exhibited superior efficiency in providing essential micronutrients without inducing toxicity as compared to traditional ionic B sources. Phytohormone correlation analysis reveals that nano-BN application significantly enhances levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins while reducing abscisic acid (ABA), fostering optimal plant growth conditions. Furthermore, increases in dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in the rhizosphere improve nutrient availability and promote beneficial microbial activity in the soil as affected by nano-BN. Metagenomics techniques were used to investigate the impact of nano-BN on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, alongside its effects on the soil microbiome. The upregulation of genes associated with fermentation pathways as affected by nano-BN suggests the enhanced carbon cycling. Additionally, nano-BN upregulated a number of functional genes involved in nitrogen-based processes, leading to a significant increase in microorganisms harboring nitrogen-fixing genes, including Phenylobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Reyranella. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the application of nano-BN in agriculture to sustainably increase crop productivity and enhance the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen cycling.
摘要：
The urbanization process is complex and lengthy, typically resulting in dual changes in the socioeconomic structure and ecological environment. However, in the context of arid environments and initial urbanization, emerging towns undergo evolutionary processes different from those of traditional cities. This study focuses on a typical town, analyzing its growth under the combined effects of arid conditions and incipient urbanization. The results reveal a unique urbanization trajectory in the hinterland of southern Xinjiang: transitioning from refined agricultural planting to shrubland and bare land dominated by natural factors and then to impervious surfaces. While the pattern was complex, the direction of transition was clear. Using the town's establishment in 2014 as a critical node for urbanization initiation, shrubland emerged as the most sensitive land type, with a proportional increase by a factor of 2.6 from 2010 to 2015. This was driven by the abandonment of cultivated land, which decreased by 11.3% during the study period, with 78% of the newly added shrubland area converted from cropland. By applying the Markov model together with the InVEST model, the study predicted urban land-use transition patterns over the next 5years and revealed that urbanization primarily exacerbates the instability of water yield in the surrounding region. This study uniquely addresses the gap in understanding the impacts of the urbanization process of emerging towns in arid regions and its associated ecological processes. A detailed investigation of such urbanization is crucial to mitigating issues like disorderly land use and promoting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized towns.
摘要：
B-box proteins (BBX) play pivotal roles in the regulation of numerous growth and developmental processes in plants, particularly the light-mediated biosynthesis of pigments. To elucidate the role of BBX transcription factors in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of Lagerstroemia indica leaves, this study identified 41 BBX genes in the L. indica genome. Using bioinformatics approaches, we predicted their structural and functional characteristics and examined the variations in leaf coloration under varying durations of darkness and the expression profiles of BBX genes. The LiBBX genes were categorized into five distinct subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis, with substantial gene expansion due to segmental duplication events. Promoter analysis demonstrated that the BBX family possesses an abundance of light-responsive cis-elements. Using protein interaction prediction followed by qPCR analysis, we identified 17 interacting partners. Notably, the expression levels of the majority of BBX genes in L.indica 'Ebony Embers' were significantly downregulated in the darkness compared to those in the light. Correlation analyses indicated that the expression levels of most BBX genes were positively correlated with both anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents. Ultimately, we discovered a core BBX protein, LiBBX4, which can interact with LiHY5, LiHYH, and LiCOP1, and verified its involvement in regulating anthocyanin synthesis using VIGS. This study for the first time revealed novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-induced leaf color changes in L.indica, which could provide a fundamental framework for the genetic improvement of L.indica and enhance its commercial appeal.
作者机构：
[Chen, Yi; Su, Qianqian; Zhang, Chen; Xiang, Zuofu; Liu, Yang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Cheng; Yu, Yang; Chen, Yixin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yue, Ling] Panzhihua Anim Dis Prevent & Control Ctr, Panzhihua, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Su, QQ; Xiang, ZF ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The unique environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides a great opportunity to study how primate intestinal microorganisms adapt to ecosystems. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota in primates and other sympatric animal species living between 3600 and 4500 m asl. Results showed that within the same geographical environment, Macaca mulatta and Rhinopithecus bieti exhibited a gut microbiome composition similar to that of Tibetan people, influenced by genetic evolution of host, while significantly differing from other distantly related animals. The gut microbiota of plateau species has developed similar strategies to facilitate their hosts’ adaptation to specific environments, including broadening its dietary niche and enhancing energy absorption. These findings will enhance our comprehension of the significance of primate gut microbiota in adapting to specific habitats. Analyses of gut microbiomes from sympatric animals of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and comparison with Tibetan human gut microbiomes reveals the impact of host phylogeny on gut microbiota composition.
摘要：
This study investigated the effects of fine-sized pork bone biochar particles on remediating As-contaminated soil and alleviating associated phytotoxicity to rice in 50-day short-term and 120-day full-life-cycle pot experiments. The addition of micro-nanostructured pork bone biochar (BC) pyrolyzed at 400 and 600 °C (BC400 and BC600) significantly increased the As-treated shoot and root fresh weight by 24.4-77.6%, while simultaneously reducing tissue As accumulation by 26.7-64.1% and increasing soil As content by 17.1-27.1% as compared to As treatment. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that BC600 and BC400 treatments increased the proportion of plant growth-promoting microbes such as Ceratobasidium and Achromobacter by 33-81.6% in the roots and As adsorption-associated Bacillus by 1.15-1.59-fold in the rhizosphere soil. Metabolomic profiling suggests that BC and As coexposure triggered differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) enriched in lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolic pathways, all of which could alleviate As-induced phytotoxicity and promote plant As tolerance. Importantly, the quality of As-treated rice grains was improved by the BC amendments. This study demonstrates the significant potential of BC for enhancing crop growth and minimizing the As-induced phytotoxicity to rice and provides a framework for a promising strategy for remediating heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soil while simultaneously promoting food safety.
摘要：
Intercropping system influences the endophytic microbial abundance, hormone balance, nutrient metabolism and yield, but the molecular mechanism of yield advantage in Camellia oleifera intercropping with peanut is not clear. In this study, the C. oleifera monoculture (CK) and C. oleifera-peanut intercropping (CP) treatments in purple soil were conducted, and the physicochemical properties, gene expressions, signal pathways and crucial microbial abundances were investigated to reveal the molecular mechanism of the yield advantage of intercropped C. oleifera. The results showed that the intercropping system increased in contents of pigment, carbohydrate, available nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf and root, as well as the abundances of Burkholderia, Ralstonia, Delftia, Pseudoalteromonas and Caulobacter, enhanced the relative expression levels of CoSPS, CoGBE, CoGlgP, CoGBSS/GlgA genes to promote sugar metabolism, decreased the relative expression levels of CoASA, CoTSB, CoPAI, CoTDC and CoCYP71A13 genes for inhibiting IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, as well as microbial diversity, Fusarium, Albifimbria and Coniosporium abundances in root, ultimately improved the fruit yield of C. oleifera. These findings indicate that intercropping system improves the fruit yield by enhancing the nutrient metabolism capability and crucial microbial abundances in root of C. oleifera in purple soil.
Intercropping system influences the endophytic microbial abundance, hormone balance, nutrient metabolism and yield, but the molecular mechanism of yield advantage in Camellia oleifera intercropping with peanut is not clear. In this study, the C. oleifera monoculture (CK) and C. oleifera-peanut intercropping (CP) treatments in purple soil were conducted, and the physicochemical properties, gene expressions, signal pathways and crucial microbial abundances were investigated to reveal the molecular mechanism of the yield advantage of intercropped C. oleifera. The results showed that the intercropping system increased in contents of pigment, carbohydrate, available nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf and root, as well as the abundances of Burkholderia, Ralstonia, Delftia, Pseudoalteromonas and Caulobacter, enhanced the relative expression levels of CoSPS, CoGBE, CoGlgP, CoGBSS/GlgA genes to promote sugar metabolism, decreased the relative expression levels of CoASA, CoTSB, CoPAI, CoTDC and CoCYP71A13 genes for inhibiting IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, as well as microbial diversity, Fusarium, Albifimbria and Coniosporium abundances in root, ultimately improved the fruit yield of C. oleifera. These findings indicate that intercropping system improves the fruit yield by enhancing the nutrient metabolism capability and crucial microbial abundances in root of C. oleifera in purple soil.
摘要：
Phosphorus deficiency poses a significant challenge to plant growth and development, particularly in red soil. To alleviate this limitation, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a crucial role by converting insoluble phosphates present in the soil into soluble forms that are accessible to plants. Cornus wilsoniana Wangerin is a representative oil crop cultivated in red soil, holding a prominent position within China's forestry economic system. Consequently, it is essential to develop highly stable microbial phosphorus enhancement strategies to manage agricultural phosphorus in red soil regions, thereby maintaining the available phosphorus content necessary for the production of C. wilsoniana. In this study, the application of Streptomyces misionensis SwB1 bacterial suspension to the rhizosphere of C. wilsoniana significantly increased the content of various phosphorus fractions (H(2)O-P, NaHCO(3)-P, NaOH-P, HCl-P) in red soil, with NaHCO(3)-P content increasing by 4.97 times and NaOH-P content by 3.87 times. Additionally, the genome of S. misionensis SwB1 contains 25 phosphorus-solubilizing genes, 13 nitrogen-fixing genes, 17 siderophore production genes, and 11 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production genes, indicating its potential for enhancing nutrient availability. Comparative genomic analysis of 15 strains belonging to five species of Streptomyces revealed that S. misionensis SwB1 possesses an extensive genetic repertoire and complete gene clusters associated with phosphorus solubilization. Furthermore, five phosphorus solubilization pathways of S. misionensis SwB1 were summarized: the Pst system, Pit system, siderophore transport, phosphatase synthesis, and organic acid synthesis. Ultimately, the inoculation of S. misionensis SwB1 significantly enhanced the growth and biomass accumulation of C. wilsoniana at the seedling stage, evidenced by an increase in fresh weight by 81.44%, a rise in net photosynthetic rate by 18.51%, and a surge in the number of root tips by 36.24%. Taken together, our findings support a sophisticated multi-pathway bacteria phosphorus solubilization approach and identified a highly efficient phosphorus-solubilizing strain, S. misionensis SwB1, which has the potential to become a microbial fertilizer.
关键词：
Transglutaminase;Digestibility;Structural and functional properties
摘要：
The present study aims to investigate the effects of endogenous protein (rice protein, RP) and exogenous proteins (corn protein, CP, and wheat protein, WP) on the physicochemical properties of rice starch under the action of transglutaminase (TG). The findings indicate that, the interactions between exogenous proteins with rice starch are relatively weak. However, with the catalysis of TG, both endogenous and exogenous proteins tightly encapsulate rice starch granules, forming a dense microporous network structure. This phenomenon led to a reduction in starch expansion coefficient and amylose leaching, resulting in an increase in the onset temperature and a notable decrease in viscosity and digestibility. Among them, endogenous protein exerted the greatest influence on the gelatinization properties of rice starch, whereas exogenous protein had the most significant impact on its digestibility. Specifically, the order of influence on the gelatinization characteristics is RP > CP > WP, and for digestibility, it is WP > CP > RP. Furthermore, under the action of TG, both endogenous and exogenous proteins significantly enhanced the short-range ordered structure of starch molecules, contributing to higher crystallinity and a more ordered A-type structure. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for the construction of starch functional foods.
The present study aims to investigate the effects of endogenous protein (rice protein, RP) and exogenous proteins (corn protein, CP, and wheat protein, WP) on the physicochemical properties of rice starch under the action of transglutaminase (TG). The findings indicate that, the interactions between exogenous proteins with rice starch are relatively weak. However, with the catalysis of TG, both endogenous and exogenous proteins tightly encapsulate rice starch granules, forming a dense microporous network structure. This phenomenon led to a reduction in starch expansion coefficient and amylose leaching, resulting in an increase in the onset temperature and a notable decrease in viscosity and digestibility. Among them, endogenous protein exerted the greatest influence on the gelatinization properties of rice starch, whereas exogenous protein had the most significant impact on its digestibility. Specifically, the order of influence on the gelatinization characteristics is RP > CP > WP, and for digestibility, it is WP > CP > RP. Furthermore, under the action of TG, both endogenous and exogenous proteins significantly enhanced the short-range ordered structure of starch molecules, contributing to higher crystallinity and a more ordered A-type structure. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for the construction of starch functional foods.
摘要：
Rhizosphere bacteria are critical for supporting plant performance in stressful environments. Understanding the assembly and co-occurrence of rhizosphere bacterial communities contributes significantly to both plant growth and heavy metal accumulation. In this study, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach were planted in soils with simulated varying levels of Pb-Zn contamination. The Rhizosphere bacterial communities were investigated by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The impacts of Pb-Zn contamination on the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community were found to be greater than those of both tree species. The variation in bacterial community structure in both trees was mainly driven by the combinations of Pb-Zn and soil properties. Deterministic processes (non-planted, 82 %; L. lucidum, 73 %; M. azedarach, 55 %) proved to be the most important assembly processes for soil bacterial communities, but both trees increased the importance of stochastic processes (18 %, 27 %, 45 %). The rhizosphere co-occurrence networks exhibited greater stability compared to the non-planted soil networks. Rare taxa played a dominant role in maintaining the stability of rhizosphere networks, as most of the keystone taxa within rhizosphere networks belonged to rare taxa. Dissimilarities in the structure and network complexity of rhizosphere bacterial communities were significantly associated with differences in tree biomass and metal accumulation. These variations in response varied between both trees, with L. lucidum exhibiting greater potential for phytoremediation in its rhizosphere compared to M. azedarach. Our results offer valuable insights for designing effective microbe-assisted phytoremediation systems.
Rhizosphere bacteria are critical for supporting plant performance in stressful environments. Understanding the assembly and co-occurrence of rhizosphere bacterial communities contributes significantly to both plant growth and heavy metal accumulation. In this study, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach were planted in soils with simulated varying levels of Pb-Zn contamination. The Rhizosphere bacterial communities were investigated by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The impacts of Pb-Zn contamination on the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community were found to be greater than those of both tree species. The variation in bacterial community structure in both trees was mainly driven by the combinations of Pb-Zn and soil properties. Deterministic processes (non-planted, 82 %; L. lucidum, 73 %; M. azedarach, 55 %) proved to be the most important assembly processes for soil bacterial communities, but both trees increased the importance of stochastic processes (18 %, 27 %, 45 %). The rhizosphere co-occurrence networks exhibited greater stability compared to the non-planted soil networks. Rare taxa played a dominant role in maintaining the stability of rhizosphere networks, as most of the keystone taxa within rhizosphere networks belonged to rare taxa. Dissimilarities in the structure and network complexity of rhizosphere bacterial communities were significantly associated with differences in tree biomass and metal accumulation. These variations in response varied between both trees, with L. lucidum exhibiting greater potential for phytoremediation in its rhizosphere compared to M. azedarach. Our results offer valuable insights for designing effective microbe-assisted phytoremediation systems.
摘要：
A new species of gall inquiline, Synergus dilatatus sp. nov. , is described from Hubei Province, China. Morphological descriptions, photographs and biological information are provided. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of the new species were newly obtained and a molecular species delimitation analysis of 12 species of Synergus performed using the ASAP method recovered 16 molecular operational taxonomic units, providing support for recognition of the new species. The results also highlight a few conflicts between morphological and molecular species delimitations in Synergus .
A new species of gall inquiline, Synergus dilatatus sp. nov. , is described from Hubei Province, China. Morphological descriptions, photographs and biological information are provided. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of the new species were newly obtained and a molecular species delimitation analysis of 12 species of Synergus performed using the ASAP method recovered 16 molecular operational taxonomic units, providing support for recognition of the new species. The results also highlight a few conflicts between morphological and molecular species delimitations in Synergus .
摘要：
Biomass based porous carbon is a green and low-cost promising adsorbents for CO2 capture. However, most of these porous carbon were prepared under high-temperature and even multistep pyrolysis, and possessed poor textural properties and controllability. Here, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) was used as carbon source to prepare O-rich N-doped porous carbon (LNPC) through a synthesis strategy that coupled hydrothermal treatment, mechanochemical assistance, and low-temperature activation for the first time. These porous carbon had the large specific surface areas (602.2 similar to 2030.7 m(2)/g), high microporosity, and abundant ultramicroporous (V-ultra) (0.19 cm(3)/g), as well as significant N doping and high O content (30.93 similar to 55.32 %). And the effects of the coupling method, activation temperature, and mechanical pressure and residence time on structural properties of lignin based porous carbon were investigated in detail. We found that the residence time had a good linear correlation for surface areas and micropore volume, respectively, meanwhile, the mechanical pressing exhibited better linear correlation for O content of LNPC, implied the preparation method had good controllability. LSY-P20-T20 prepared at activation temperature of 600 degree celsius with the mechanical pressure and time (20 MPa and 20 min) had the highest V-ultra, and high O content, and possessed the highest CO2 uptake (5.00 mmol/g). Subsequently, we found that the narrow micropore volume (with d < 1.0 nm) was the main factor for CO2 adsorption capacity, while O content showed more significant impact on determining CO2/N-2 selectivity and isosteric heat of adsorption (Q(st)) of LNPCs. This work provided a new feasible approach for cost-effective carbon-based adsorbents for CO2 capture.
摘要：
An electrochemical aptasensor was established for the fast and sensitive determination of tetracycline based on the synergistic effect of MoS 2 -thionine nanocomposite and aptamer. The glassy carbon electrode was coated with MoS 2 nanosheets of thionine to immobilize the tetracycline aptamer. In the absence of tetracycline, large quantities of thionin were loaded on the surface of the MoS 2 nanosheet to serve as the electrochemical probe. After tetracycline was added to the surface of the electrode, an aptamer analyte complex was produced on the modified electrode. Through intercalation and electrostatic interactions, the complex was substantially adsorbed onto thionine, and the peak currents of the redox signal of thionine decreased. Therefore, the concentration of tetracycline was monitored by the change in signal intensity. Under optimized conditions, the developed electrochemical strategy with MoS 2 -thionine composite and aptamer exhibited an excellent linear detection range of 1.0 nM–1.0 μΜ and a low detection limit of 0.6 nM with suitable selectivity and stability. Therefore, the fabricated platform offers great potential for food safety, medical detection, and drug analysis.
作者机构：
[Niu, Guoxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Lushan Bot Garden, Jiujiang 332900, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Tao] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Appl Technol Forestry & Ecol South C, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Zhen; Lu, Xiankai; Niu, Guoxiang; He, Xiaoxiang; Guan, Huiling; Liu, Tao; Zhang, Xuebing] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Eco, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China.;[Niu, Guoxiang] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Sect Microbial Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.;[Liu, Tao] Lutou Natl Stn Sci Observat & Res Forest Ecosyst H, Yueyang 414000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, T ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Appl Technol Forestry & Ecol South C, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Tropical and subtropical forest;Soil organic matter fractions;Earthworm;Millipedes;Litter decomposition
摘要：
Background Forest soils in tropical and subtropical areas store a significant amount of carbon. Recent frameworks to assess soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under evolving global conditions suggest that dividing bulk SOM into particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM vs. MAOM) is a promising method for identifying how SOM contributes to reducing global warming. Soil macrofauna, earthworms, and millipedes have been found to play an important role in facilitating SOM processes. However, how these two co-existing macrofaunae impact the litter decomposition process and directly impact the formation of POM and MAOM remains unclear.
Forest soils in tropical and subtropical areas store a significant amount of carbon. Recent frameworks to assess soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under evolving global conditions suggest that dividing bulk SOM into particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM vs. MAOM) is a promising method for identifying how SOM contributes to reducing global warming. Soil macrofauna, earthworms, and millipedes have been found to play an important role in facilitating SOM processes. However, how these two co-existing macrofaunae impact the litter decomposition process and directly impact the formation of POM and MAOM remains unclear.
Methods Here, we set up a microcosm experiment, which consisted of 20 microcosms with four treatments: earthworm and litter addition (E), millipedes and litter addition (M), earthworm, millipedes, and litter addition (E+M), and control (only litter addition) in five replicates. The soil and litter were sterilized prior to beginning the incubation experiment to remove any existing microbes. After incubating the samples for 42 days, the litter properties (mass, C, and N contents), soil physicochemical properties, as well as the C and N contents, and POM and MAOM 13C abundance in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers were measured. Finally, the relative influences of soil physicochemical and microbial properties on the distribution of C and N in the soil fractions were analyzed.
Here, we set up a microcosm experiment, which consisted of 20 microcosms with four treatments: earthworm and litter addition (E), millipedes and litter addition (M), earthworm, millipedes, and litter addition (E+M), and control (only litter addition) in five replicates. The soil and litter were sterilized prior to beginning the incubation experiment to remove any existing microbes. After incubating the samples for 42 days, the litter properties (mass, C, and N contents), soil physicochemical properties, as well as the C and N contents, and POM and MAOM 13C abundance in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers were measured. Finally, the relative influences of soil physicochemical and microbial properties on the distribution of C and N in the soil fractions were analyzed.
Results The litter mass, C, and N associated with all four treatments significantly decreased after incubation, especially under treatment E+M (litter mass: −58.8%, litter C: −57.0%, litter N: −75.1%, respectively), while earthworm biomass significantly decreased under treatment E. Earthworm or millipede addition alone showed no significant effects on the organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) content in the POM fraction, but joint addition of both significantly increased OC and TN regardless of soil depth. Importantly, all three macrofauna treatments increased the OC and TN content and decreased the 13C abundance in the MAOM fraction. More than 65% of the total variations in the distribution of OC and TN throughout the two fractions can be explained by a combination of soil physicochemical and microbial properties. Changes in the OC distribution in the 0–5 cm soil layer are likely due to a decrease in soil pH and an increase in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while those in the 5–10 cm layer are probably caused by increases in soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, in addition to fungi and gram-negative (GN) bacteria. The observed TN distribution changes in the 0–5 cm soil likely resulted from a decrease in soil pH and increases in AMF, GN, and gram-negative (GP) bacteria, while TN distribution changes in the 5–10 cm soil could be explained by increases in exchangeable Mg and GN bacteria.
The litter mass, C, and N associated with all four treatments significantly decreased after incubation, especially under treatment E+M (litter mass: −58.8%, litter C: −57.0%, litter N: −75.1%, respectively), while earthworm biomass significantly decreased under treatment E. Earthworm or millipede addition alone showed no significant effects on the organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) content in the POM fraction, but joint addition of both significantly increased OC and TN regardless of soil depth. Importantly, all three macrofauna treatments increased the OC and TN content and decreased the 13C abundance in the MAOM fraction. More than 65% of the total variations in the distribution of OC and TN throughout the two fractions can be explained by a combination of soil physicochemical and microbial properties. Changes in the OC distribution in the 0–5 cm soil layer are likely due to a decrease in soil pH and an increase in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while those in the 5–10 cm layer are probably caused by increases in soil exchangeable Ca and Mg, in addition to fungi and gram-negative (GN) bacteria. The observed TN distribution changes in the 0–5 cm soil likely resulted from a decrease in soil pH and increases in AMF, GN, and gram-negative (GP) bacteria, while TN distribution changes in the 5–10 cm soil could be explained by increases in exchangeable Mg and GN bacteria.
Conclusions The results indicate that the coexistence of earthworms and millipedes can accelerate the litter decomposition process and store more C in the MAOM fractions. This novel finding helps to unlock the processes by which complex SOM systems serve as C sinks in tropical forests and addresses the importance of soil macrofauna in maintaining C-neutral atmospheric conditions under global climate change.
The results indicate that the coexistence of earthworms and millipedes can accelerate the litter decomposition process and store more C in the MAOM fractions. This novel finding helps to unlock the processes by which complex SOM systems serve as C sinks in tropical forests and addresses the importance of soil macrofauna in maintaining C-neutral atmospheric conditions under global climate change.
摘要：
Plastic pollution is a significant environmental concern globally. Plastics are normally considered chemically inert and resistant to biodegradation. Although many papers have reported enzyme-induced biodegradation of plastics, these studies are primarily limited to enzymes of microbial origin or engineered enzymes. This study reveals that poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET, similar to 6000 Da and 100 kDa) particles and plastic bottle debris (PBD, 24.9 kDa) can be efficiently degraded by a mammal-origin natural phase II metabolic isozyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), under mild conditions. The degradation efficiency of PET plastics reached 98.9%, with a degradation rate of 2.6 g<middle dot>L-1<middle dot>h(-1) under ambient or physiological conditions at 1 atm. PET plastics can be degraded by GST with varying environmental or biological factors (i.e., temperature, light irradiation, pH, and presence of humic acid or protein). We suggest a novel mechanism for PET degradation other than hydrolysis, i.e., the mechanism of cleavage and release of PET plastic monomers via nitridation and oxidation. This finding also reveals a novel function of GST, previously thought to only degrade small molecules (<1000 Da). This method has been successfully applied in real human serum samples. Additionally, we have tested and confirmed the ability to degrade PET of a mammal-origin natural digestive enzyme (trypsin) and a human-derived natural metabolic enzyme (CYP450). Overall, our findings provide a potential new route to plastic pollution control and contribute to our understanding of the metabolism and fate of plastics in organisms.
摘要：
<jats:p>The optimization of explant selection and adjustment of plant growth regulators (PGRs) ratio may enhance the efficiency of micro-propagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. The findings of the study suggest that the shoot tip proved to be the optimal explant for regenerating adventitious buds, with an impressive regeneration rate of 77.78% and the average number of adventitious buds being 2.86. The ideal medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) at a 2 mg L−1, indoleacetic acid (IAA) at a 0.2 mg L−1, kinetin (KT) at 0.15 mg L−1, resulting in an outstanding regeneration rate of adventitious buds reaching up to 91.11%. For rooting purposes, the best medium was found be half-strength MS supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) 0.5 mg L−1, achieving an rate for adventitious roots amounting to as high as 97.78%. The culture plantlets ultimately thrived, achieving an impressive transplanting survival rate of 93.33%. The application of PGRs was also found to enhance the regeneration of adventitious buds by increasing the ratios of endogenous hormones ZR/IAA and GA3/IAA. Additionally, it facilitated the differentiation of adventitious roots by elevating the ratios of endogenous hormones IAA/ZR, IAA/GA3, and ABA/GA3. Our study would provide a theoretical reference for the establishment of an efficient gardenia tissue culture system and the industrial production of gardenia.</jats:p>
