摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Wood is primarily made up of secondary xylem cell walls, with lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as the main chemical components. The presence of lignin represents recalcitrance to wood pulping and biofuel conversion. Consequently, reducing lignin content is a key approach to improving wood properties and optimizing its processing. METHODS: In this study, we suppressed lignin biosynthesis by overexpressing a mutated transcription repressor PdLTF1(AA) and enhanced cellulose synthesis simultaneously by introducing cellulose synthase genes, PdCesA4, PdCesA7A, or PdCesA8A, specifically in xylem fiber cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The transgenic plants exhibited decreased lignin content and a significant increase in cellulose content. Transcriptome analysis indicated that expression of PdLTF1(AA) along with PdCesA4, PdCesA7A, or PdCesA8A in fiber cells resulted in transcriptional alterations in the genes associated with cell wall remodeling and polysaccharide synthesis during xylem development. The results also indicated that the diameter of wood fiber cells within the xylem is increased, which leads to a larger stem diameter in the transgenic plants. This study suggests that the biosynthesis of lignin and cellulose can be simultaneously modified, which presents a new strategy for modifying wood fiber characteristics for more efficient fiber and biomass processing.
通讯机构：
[Yang, GH ] D;[Tsubaki, N ; Yang, GH; Shao, LS] U;[Zhang, PP ; Shao, LS ] C;[Yu, ZX ] S;Shaoxing Univ, Inst New Energy, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study presents a one-step catalytic synthesis of unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, MA; methyl methacrylate, MMA) from methanol (MeOH, C1 source) and methyl acetate (MAc) via a Cu–Cs dual-engine-driven (DED) system that integrates four sequential steps—dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, hydrogenation, and secondary aldol condensation. The Cu-engine facilitates proton transfer by capturing protons during MeOH dehydrogenation and donating them in methyl acrylate (MA) hydrogenation, while the Cs-engine activates saturated esters for formaldehyde-mediated aldol condensation. Through systematic optimization of Cu loading methods, deposition sequences, and Cu/Cs ratios, we developed a silicon carrier channel-expanding strategy, enlarging mesopores from 14 nm to 20 nm (30% specific surface area extension) via copper phyllosilicate-induced corrosion. Catalytic performance hinges on balanced medium-strength acid–base sites, a 10 : 7 Cs/Cu ratio, and sequential Cu/Cs loading via the ammonia evaporation method. The optimized 10Cs/7Cu/Q10 catalyst, combined with a downstream Cs–Al/Q10 system, achieves 64.0% unsaturated ester selectivity (55.3% MeOH and 59.8% methyl acetate conversion). This work establishes a design framework for efficient Cu–Cs catalysts in one-step ester synthesis, emphasizing pore engineering, acid–base synergy, and dual-site cooperativity.
This study presents a one-step catalytic synthesis of unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, MA; methyl methacrylate, MMA) from methanol (MeOH, C1 source) and methyl acetate (MAc) via a Cu–Cs dual-engine-driven (DED) system that integrates four sequential steps—dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, hydrogenation, and secondary aldol condensation. The Cu-engine facilitates proton transfer by capturing protons during MeOH dehydrogenation and donating them in methyl acrylate (MA) hydrogenation, while the Cs-engine activates saturated esters for formaldehyde-mediated aldol condensation. Through systematic optimization of Cu loading methods, deposition sequences, and Cu/Cs ratios, we developed a silicon carrier channel-expanding strategy, enlarging mesopores from 14 nm to 20 nm (30% specific surface area extension) via copper phyllosilicate-induced corrosion. Catalytic performance hinges on balanced medium-strength acid–base sites, a 10 : 7 Cs/Cu ratio, and sequential Cu/Cs loading via the ammonia evaporation method. The optimized 10Cs/7Cu/Q10 catalyst, combined with a downstream Cs–Al/Q10 system, achieves 64.0% unsaturated ester selectivity (55.3% MeOH and 59.8% methyl acetate conversion). This work establishes a design framework for efficient Cu–Cs catalysts in one-step ester synthesis, emphasizing pore engineering, acid–base synergy, and dual-site cooperativity.
摘要：
Conventional adsorbents for Hg(II) are not suitable for acidic environments because they degrade and lose activity. In this study, high-density sulfur and nitrogen-containing porous polyacrylonitrile sheet (HSN-PANS) was developed by grafting L-cysteine. The amphoteric HSN-PANS adsorbent can effectively remove Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, reducing its concentration from 11 mg/L to below the drinking water standard of 1 μg/L at pH 2. It shows high adsorption capacity (764 mg/g), strong anti-interference properties, and excellent selectivity. The adsorption mechanism involves coordination and electrostatic interactions. Thanks to its stable structure and efficient desorption, HSN-PANS demonstrates excellent acid resistance and reusability, retaining 99.9% adsorption efficiency after 43 cycles. Furthermore, it performs reliably in industrial wastewater treatment. Notably, an HSN-PANS-packed column can treat about 5,845 bed volumes (69 L) of Hg(II)-spiked acidic wastewater until reaching a breakthrough point of 1 μg/L, concentrating the adsorbed Hg(II) into 1.8 L of desorbent. This study demonstrates the potential of HSN-PANS as an effective adsorbent for directly and efficiently removing Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, providing a promising solution to reduce Hg(II) emissions in industrial processes.
Conventional adsorbents for Hg(II) are not suitable for acidic environments because they degrade and lose activity. In this study, high-density sulfur and nitrogen-containing porous polyacrylonitrile sheet (HSN-PANS) was developed by grafting L-cysteine. The amphoteric HSN-PANS adsorbent can effectively remove Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, reducing its concentration from 11 mg/L to below the drinking water standard of 1 μg/L at pH 2. It shows high adsorption capacity (764 mg/g), strong anti-interference properties, and excellent selectivity. The adsorption mechanism involves coordination and electrostatic interactions. Thanks to its stable structure and efficient desorption, HSN-PANS demonstrates excellent acid resistance and reusability, retaining 99.9% adsorption efficiency after 43 cycles. Furthermore, it performs reliably in industrial wastewater treatment. Notably, an HSN-PANS-packed column can treat about 5,845 bed volumes (69 L) of Hg(II)-spiked acidic wastewater until reaching a breakthrough point of 1 μg/L, concentrating the adsorbed Hg(II) into 1.8 L of desorbent. This study demonstrates the potential of HSN-PANS as an effective adsorbent for directly and efficiently removing Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, providing a promising solution to reduce Hg(II) emissions in industrial processes.
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2025年392:126892 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Yaohui Wu
作者机构：
[Wang, Guangjun; Fan, Sutong; Yang, Hongzhi; Wu, Yaohui; Zeng, Yelin; Hu, Yuda; Peng, Kuan; Jiang, Mengzhu; Liu, Wensheng; Chen, Xiaoyong; Wang, Yonghong] College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;[Yang, Hongzhi] School of Environment & Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;[Chen, Chan] Hunan Botanical Garden, Hunan Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Changsha, 410116, China;[Wang, Yonghong] State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;[Wu, Yaohui] State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China. Electronic address: wyh752100@163.com
通讯机构：
[Yaohui Wu] C;College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
摘要：
Fertilizer management in artificial mixed systems is generally regarded as an efficacious approach to enhance soil fertility and sustain soil health. Nevertheless, research on the impacts of incorporating 600 g biochar (BC) with 1500 g organic fertilizers (OF) in the subsoil on the functional characteristics of short-term soil nutrient cycling in artificial mixed woodland soils remains scarce. This study investigated the effects of BC, OF, and (600 g BC + 1500 g OF) their mixture (OFBC) on soil properties and microbial functions in Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Pinus massoniana plantations. The results indicated that, compared to the control group, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 248.33 % and 199.37 %, respectively, after the application of OFBC. Under the treatment of organic fertilizer (OF), the content of total nitrogen (TN) increased by 292.30 %. Metagenomic analysis revealed that BC-OF synergy (1) Upregulated C-fixation genes (e.g., cbbL ): but suppressed C-degradation ( celB , GAM1 ) and CH 4 -metabolism genes ( pmoA , mmoX ), promoting C-sequestration; (2) Enhanced N-cycling gene abundance (e.g., nifH , hao , nosZ ), accelerating N-turnover efficiency beyond additive effects. Soil pH and β-glucosidase activity (increased by 1255.52 %) were key mediators of microbial functional shifts. The study provides critical insights into leveraging organic amendments to enhance ecosystem services while advancing sustainable forestry practices.
Fertilizer management in artificial mixed systems is generally regarded as an efficacious approach to enhance soil fertility and sustain soil health. Nevertheless, research on the impacts of incorporating 600 g biochar (BC) with 1500 g organic fertilizers (OF) in the subsoil on the functional characteristics of short-term soil nutrient cycling in artificial mixed woodland soils remains scarce. This study investigated the effects of BC, OF, and (600 g BC + 1500 g OF) their mixture (OFBC) on soil properties and microbial functions in Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Pinus massoniana plantations. The results indicated that, compared to the control group, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 248.33 % and 199.37 %, respectively, after the application of OFBC. Under the treatment of organic fertilizer (OF), the content of total nitrogen (TN) increased by 292.30 %. Metagenomic analysis revealed that BC-OF synergy (1) Upregulated C-fixation genes (e.g., cbbL ): but suppressed C-degradation ( celB , GAM1 ) and CH 4 -metabolism genes ( pmoA , mmoX ), promoting C-sequestration; (2) Enhanced N-cycling gene abundance (e.g., nifH , hao , nosZ ), accelerating N-turnover efficiency beyond additive effects. Soil pH and β-glucosidase activity (increased by 1255.52 %) were key mediators of microbial functional shifts. The study provides critical insights into leveraging organic amendments to enhance ecosystem services while advancing sustainable forestry practices.
摘要：
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
摘要：
Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z. L. Nie is a medicinal and edible plant with a high dihydromyricetin (DHM) content in its bud tips. Vine tea made from its bud tips has served as a health tea and Chinese herbal medicine for nearly 700 years. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the high DHM content in N. grossedentata bud tips remain inadequately elucidated. This study conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of bud tip flavonoids utilizing HPLC and targeted metabolomics. Core genes influencing the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata were identified through integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results revealed that 65 flavonoid metabolites were detected in bud tips, with DHM as the predominant flavonoid (37.5%), followed by myricetin (0.144%) and taxifolin (0.141%). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 expression and DHM content. Co-expression analysis and qRT-PCR validation demonstrated a significant positive correlation between NgMYB71 and NgF3 ' 5 ' H3, with consistent expression trends across three periods and four tissues. Consequently, NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 and NgMYB71 were identified as core genes influencing the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata. Elevated NgMYB71 expression in bud tips induced high NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 expression, facilitating extensive DHM synthesis in bud tips. Molecular docking analysis revealed that NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 had a strong binding affinity for taxifolin. NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 was the pivotal core node gene in the dihydromyricetin biosynthesis pathway in N. grossedentata and was highly expressed in bud tips. The strong specific binding of NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 to dihydromyricetin precursor metabolites catalyzed their conversion into DHM, resulting in higher DHM contents in bud tips than in other tissues or plants. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing DHM production and developing N. grossedentata resources.
关键词：
Deep removal;Smelting wastewater;Adsorption;Rich pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon;Tl(I)
摘要：
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
作者机构：
[Shi, Muling; Hong, Chao; Shi, ML] Hainan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Trop Ocean Engn Mat & Mat Evaluat, Key Lab Electron Microscopy Hainan Prov P, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Muling; Shi, ML] Hunan Univ, Mol Sci & Biomed Lab, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Sixian; Yang, Yiqing; Pu, Zhangjie] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Forestry Biotechnol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shi, ML ] H;Hainan Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Trop Ocean Engn Mat & Mat Evaluat, Key Lab Electron Microscopy Hainan Prov P, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Mol Sci & Biomed Lab, State Key Lab Chemo Biosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Modern research in nutrition science is transitioning from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies, in which Raman spectroscopy plays a crucial role. Raman spectroscopy and its derived techniques are gaining recognition in nutrition science for their features, such as high-speed, non-destructive analysis, label-free multiple detection and high sensitivity. Raman-enhancing techniques have further improved the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and widely extended its detection and imaging applications in nutrient analysis, as well as in ancillary tasks for nutrition research, such as nutrient status evaluation, nutrient interaction and metabolism studies. Further development of Raman-based analytical approaches lies in the improvement of instruments with higher precision, as well as the incorporation of other analytical techniques and advanced data analysis tools. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with a specific focus on Raman technology, in the field of food and nutrition science research. Instead of delving into the quantitative or qualitative detection capabilities of Raman technology, we highlight the remarkable food analysis and nutrition research methods established by this technology. Generally, this review introduces the characteristics and applications of Raman technology in nutrition analysis and discusses the limitations and future prospects of Raman spectroscopy for nutrition monitoring.
摘要：
Abstract Background Biochar is widely recognized for its capacity to capture and store carbon in soil attributed to its stable structure. However, in most field studies examining the effects of biochar application on soil respiration, the impact of rainfall events on the experimental outcomes has not been taken into account. To address the existing gap in this research field, we conducted a one-year study on soil respiration in an urban camphor forest and collected the data of soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, and the rainfall events closest to the soil respiration monitoring time. We specifically examined how different stages of rainfall events influenced soil respiration in relation to biochar application. Results This study found that the annual average soil respiration rate increased with the doses of biochar application, and the soil respiration rate under the biochar application at the dose of 45 t/ha showed a significant rise. The stages of rainfall events, rainfall amount, and the interaction effect of the two, and biochar doses significantly affected soil respiration. The parameters in the regression model for soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture varied with the different stages of rainfall events and the doses of biochar application. The biochar application eliminated the significant effect of soil moisture on soil respiration during one day after rainfall events. The significant correlation between soil moisture and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was eliminated by biochar application, both during one day after rainfall events and more than eight days after rainfall events. Conclusions Our findings indicated that the rice straw biochar application has a short-term positive effect on soil respiration in urban camphor forests. The rainfall events affect the field soil respiration monitored in the biochar applications, possibly by affecting the soil respiration response to soil temperature and moisture under different doses of biochar application. The impact of rainfall events on soil respiration in biochar application experiments should be considered in future forest monitoring management and practice.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, L ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Minist Forestry Bioethanol Res Ctr, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, State Key Lab Utilizat Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The high-value utilization of Camellia oleifera, a major agroforestry waste, is critical for sustainable biomass management. This study presents a green integrated process for efficient lignin extraction and controllable nanoparticle synthesis via acidic solvent extraction and solvent-exchange nanotechnology. Two solvent systems were systematically optimized: HCl/1,4-dioxane achieved higher lignin purity (71.53%-73.52%) under optimal conditions (110 degrees C, 75 min, 90% solvent ratio), whereas p-TsOH/ethylene glycol low eutectic solvent (70 degrees C, 75 min, 65% ratio) yielded superior extraction efficiency (27.38%-28.74%). Subsequent solvent exchange enabled precise regulation of lignin nanoparticle morphology and size. Solvent polarity governed structural outcomes, with acetone producing elongated porous particles (153 +/- 1 nm, PDI = 0.322) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) generating uniform spheres (140 +/- 1 nm, PDI = 0.109). FTIR and zeta potential analyses revealed that tetrahydrofuran's hydrophobic effects enhanced surface electronegativity (-37.5 mV), conferring exceptional colloidal stability (<1% size increase over 30 days). Synergistic optimization of THF/water ratio (50%) and lignin concentration (0.7 mg/ml) produced ultrasmall nanoparticles (80 nm, PDI = 0.082). This work elucidates the multiscale mechanism of solvent polarity in lignin extraction-nanostructuring and establishes a low-carbon pathway for agroforestry waste valorization. The methodology demonstrates significant potential for advancing green material synthesis and nanotechnology applications through biomass-derived functional nanomaterials. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
关键词：
Tree diversity;Soil organic matter decomposition;Temperature sensitivity;Rhizosphere;Microbial ecological strategy
摘要：
Background and aimsTree diversity strongly regulates organic matter inputs by rhizodeposition for microorganisms and microbial communities, impacting soil carbon (C) dynamics and stability. Because of much larger organic C availability in the rhizosphere, it can respond differently to tree diversity compared to bulk soil. To explore soil C stability under global warming, we assessed the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere and bulk soil depending on tree diversity.MethodsQ10 of organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere and bulk soil in a subtropical forest were examined using short-term incubation under controlled conditions depending on tree diversity. Fine root traits and soil C and N availability were evaluated as related to microbial properties.ResultsWith increasing tree diversity, Q10 remained stable in the rhizosphere but decreased in the bulk soil. While greater tree diversity increased fine root biomass, soil C and N availability, microbial K/r strategy ratios in rhizosphere and bulk soil shifter towards the r strategists, with a reduced bacterial K/r strategy ratio. However, microbial gene copy numbers and Shannon diversity remained stable. Partial correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that rhizosphere Q10 remained stable because of C excess and larger microbial abundance. The Q10 reduction in bulk soil correlated with increased C availability and a shift in microbial community towards a lower K/r strategy ratio.ConclusionThe Q10 decoupling between rhizosphere and bulk soil highlights a trade-off, where increasing tree diversity accelerates organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere to sustain nutrient supply, while maintaining bulk C pool stability under global warming.
摘要：
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
通讯机构：
[Song, ZP ] F;Fudan Univ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Natl Observat & Res Stn Wetland Ecosyst Yangtze Es, Sch Life Sci,Minist Educ,State Key Lab Wetland Con, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;Fudan Univ, Inst Ecochongming, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
关键词：
alpine ecosystem;biodiversity maintenance;community assembly;deterministic process;spatial scale;stochastic process
摘要：
Exploring community assembly is essential for understanding the mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance and species coexistence. In general, stochastic (e.g., dispersal limitation) and deterministic (e.g., environmental filtering) effects have been identified as the two key processes driving community assembly. However, the relative contributions of these two processes and how they vary across different spatial scales remain poorly understood, especially for the high-diversity grassland ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which plays a critical role in global climate regulation. In this study, a total of 27 study sites were established along a north-south transect and a west-east transect across the eastern QTP; the two furthest sites were more than 1000 km apart. We analyzed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and structure of these communities to elucidate the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering effects that shape plant distributions at the regional (i.e., encompassing all sites) and the transect scales. A total of 181 species belonging to 99 genera and 34 families of vascular plants were found across all sample sites. Both at the regional and the transect scale, environmental variables were shown to account for a larger proportion of the variation in species composition than spatial variables. Likewise, the plant species diversity (i.e., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) was also primarily influenced by soil and climatic variables rather than by spatial factors. Specifically, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and soil total carbon content emerged as critical determinants of plant species diversity at the regional scale, while the mean annual temperature was identified as the most important factor at the transect scale. Our results highlight the significance of environmental filtering, rather than dispersal limitation, in shaping plant community dynamics across various spatial scales within the alpine grassland ecosystem, which has crucial implications for plant conservation and biodiversity maintenance under global change scenarios.
摘要：
Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma (Agaricomycetes). Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) as a target, a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro (SYP) was discovered with preponderant ACE inhibitory activity with an 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) value of 62.50 mu g/mL attribute to the formed salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between SYP and ACE. SYP even maintained superior bioactivity after intestinal digestion, and exerted no cytotoxicity, but presented incomplete bioavailability in blood of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Furthermore, it performed antihypertensive effect in vivo by inhibiting the influx of Ca2+ through activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)/NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, accompanied by attenuating angiotensin II (Ang II)/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. This work not only discoverers a novel pharmacological ingredient from medicinal mushroom G. lingzhi for hypertension therapy, but also provides an insight into molecular mechanism of the ACE inhibitory peptide (ACEIP) on lowering blood pressure. (c) 2025 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
摘要：
The urbanization process is complex and lengthy, typically resulting in dual changes in the socioeconomic structure and ecological environment. However, in the context of arid environments and initial urbanization, emerging towns undergo evolutionary processes different from those of traditional cities. This study focuses on a typical town, analyzing its growth under the combined effects of arid conditions and incipient urbanization. The results reveal a unique urbanization trajectory in the hinterland of southern Xinjiang: transitioning from refined agricultural planting to shrubland and bare land dominated by natural factors and then to impervious surfaces. While the pattern was complex, the direction of transition was clear. Using the town's establishment in 2014 as a critical node for urbanization initiation, shrubland emerged as the most sensitive land type, with a proportional increase by a factor of 2.6 from 2010 to 2015. This was driven by the abandonment of cultivated land, which decreased by 11.3% during the study period, with 78% of the newly added shrubland area converted from cropland. By applying the Markov model together with the InVEST model, the study predicted urban land-use transition patterns over the next 5years and revealed that urbanization primarily exacerbates the instability of water yield in the surrounding region. This study uniquely addresses the gap in understanding the impacts of the urbanization process of emerging towns in arid regions and its associated ecological processes. A detailed investigation of such urbanization is crucial to mitigating issues like disorderly land use and promoting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized towns.
摘要：
Purpose Climate warming can cause more frequent droughts in wetlands, leading to changes in soil properties and vegetation expansion, and influencing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Soil consolidation accelerated by drought is assumed to be an important factor affecting CO2 emissions from wetland soils. However, very few studies have proved this. Methods Here, we employed a mesocosm experiment to simulate sedge colonization under warming scenarios over an entire growing season. This experiment continuously monitored CO2 fluxes, along with water vapor (H2O) fluxes, changes in sediment surface elevation, soil chemical properties, plant growth characteristics, and the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Results Warming significantly impacts soil CO2 emissions in mudflats, causing increases of up to 75%. However, in sedge colonized treatments, an increase of only 8% for soil CO2 flux was found. In addition to H2O fluxes in the mudflat, significant differences were only found in sediment surface elevation change between warming and control treatments among all the other factors. A significant positive correlation between CO2 flux and H2O flux with sediment surface elevation change was revealed in the mudflat, as opposed to the sedge colonized treatment. Conclusions Our results indicate that soil consolidation caused by drought was the primary driver leading to the higher CO2 emissions in mudflat under warming conditions, while sedge colonization can offset this effect. This study first provides evidence for the effect of soil consolidation on wetland CO2 emissions, providing new insights into evaluating CO2 budgets under global climate change.
作者机构：
[Zhao, Xiaoxiang; Zhao, Rudong; Tian, Qiuxiang; Jiang, Qinghu; Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Chang] Yunnan Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Key Lab Soil Ecol & Hlth Univ Yunnan Prov, Kunming, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yu] Hubei Int Sci & Technol Ctr Ecol Conservat & Manag, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yu] Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Three Gorges Reservoir Re, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yu] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Biol & Pharmaceut, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, F ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Soil organic C stability;N fertilization;Global change;Particulate organic C;Mineral-associated organic C
摘要：
Background and AimsNitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation change profoundly impact forest carbon (C) cycling processes. However, how soil organic C (SOC) storage responds to their combined effects remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the integrated effects of N addition and precipitation reduction (Pr) on SOC storage fractions, including particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC), through a 6-year field experiment using a complete two-factor randomized block design. In the experiment, N addition was set at 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha-1 yr-1, while Pr was implemented as reductions of 0, 30% and 60% in a subtropical forest.ResultsResults showed that the dynamics and driving mechanisms of SOC storage fractions varied with soil depth. At 0-10 cm depth, POC and MAOC storages were primarily enhanced by N addition alone, with POC benefiting from increased forest litter C and inhibited microbial decomposition, while MAOC was promoted through cation-bridging mechanisms (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+). At 10-30 cm depth, MAOC storage increased under high-rate (60 kg ha-1 year-1) N addition combined with high-rate (60%) Pr, mainly due to reductions in fine root biomass and increases in gram-negative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas POC storage remained largely unchanged over the 6-year treatment period.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the critical roles of N deposition and its interactions with precipitation reduction in regulating SOC storage, providing new insights for accurately assessing soil C sequestration potential under N deposition and climate change in subtropical forests.
作者机构：
[Liu, Shuguang; Pan, Zhenzhen] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Natl Engn Lab Appl Technol Forestry & Ecol Souther, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Junze; Pan, Zhenzhen; Gao, Guangyao; Lue, Yihe] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Reg & Urban Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Guangyao; Lue, Yihe] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Zhenzhen; Chen, Wanxu] China Univ Geosci, Sch Geog & Informat Engn, Hubei Key Lab Reg Ecol & Environm Change, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Zhenzhen] Hunan Nat Resources Affairs Ctr, Hunan Key Lab Remote Sensing, Monitoring Ecol Environm Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gao, GY ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Reg & Urban Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Urbanization;Ecosystem services;Historical and future trends;Urban agglomeration;Yangtze River Basin
摘要：
ContextExploring the long-term spatial heterogeneity effect of urbanization on ecosystem services (ES) in large river basin is critical for differentiated sustainable governance. However, few studies have systematically compared the divergent impacts between urban and non-urban agglomerations across historical and future periods.ObjectivesAssess and predict the spatiotemporal evolutions of ESs (water yield, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality) and urbanization (economic, population and land urbanization) in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China during 1990-2050, comparing the impacts of urbanization on ES in urban agglomeration, non-urban agglomeration and the whole YRB.MethodsESs were measured by InVEST model, Revised universal soil loss equation and Water balance Equation. Geographical Detectors and nonlinear regression were employed to reveal the impact of urbanization on ES.Results(1) Total ecosystem services (TES) in 61.83% and 59.28% area of the YRB will increase in SSP1-2.6 (sustainable development) and SSP2-4.5 (moderate development) during 2019-2050, while reduction in TES account for 47.20% in SSP5-8.5 (fossil-fueled development). (2) Logarithmic or exponential functions mostly illustrate the relationships between TES and urbanization. The impact of land urbanization on ESs was greatest in non-urban agglomeration, while population urbanization had greater impact in urban agglomeration and the whole basin. (3) The interactive effects of land and other urbanization on ESs exceed those between economic and population urbanization. (4) SSP1-2.6 aligns better with large cities featuring advanced ecological governance, SSP2-4.5 suits small and medium-sized cities balancing emission reduction with socioeconomic priorities.ConclusionsNegative influences of urbanization on TES will decrease under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenario in 2050. Differentiated scenario adaptation strategies need to be designed based on city size and ecological endowment. The findings offer insights for informing sustainable urban ecological protection in the YRB and similar large river basins globally.
摘要：
Investigating the response of the rhizosphere and bulk soil to fertilization, along with the mechanisms governing their dynamic and stability, is essential to understand root and microbial functions in ecosystems. Here we synthesized 7606 pairwise observations based on 3803 paired samples from rhizosphere and bulk soil to assess how chemical and microbiological properties respond to application of mineral and organic fertilizers across croplands, grasslands, and forests. Fertilization positively altered the overall chemical properties of rhizosphere and bulk soil by 21% and 18%, respectively, while microbiological properties remained largely unchanged except for microbial biomass and the activities of certain enzymes. Fertilization decreased the response variability of soil properties, resulting in reduced heterogeneity, particularly in bulk soil. The response slopes of rhizosphere and bulk soil properties to fertilization were below 1.0, indicating that the rhizosphere had greater resistance, especially under organo-mineral fertilizer application. This high resistance stems from i) large input or available compounds by roots maintaining the stability of microbial communities in rhizosphere, ii) stronger microbial control over chemical properties, and iii) a larger gap in response variability between rhizosphere and bulk soil. In conclusion, while rhizosphere and bulk soil properties respond similarly to fertilization, the rhizosphere demonstrates greater stability due to its higher resistance. The rhizosphere showed greater resistance to fertilization than bulk soil owing to stronger microbial effects on chemical properties and a marked difference in response variability, based on a global meta-analysis of 7606 observations across farmlands, grasslands, and forests.
作者：
Na Liu*;Mingkai Wang;Yijun Zhou;Lishu Shao;Lin Zhang;...
期刊：
Green Carbon,2025年 ISSN：2950-1555
通讯作者：
Na Liu
作者机构：
[Mingkai Wang; Yijun Zhou] School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China;Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China;[Na Liu; Lishu Shao; Lin Zhang; Peng Zhan; Zhiping Wu] School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Na Liu] S;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
摘要：
1,3-Butadiene is an important chemical raw material, especially with its large market demand as the main monomer for rubber tires. It is mainly produced by the thermal cracking of naphtha as a by-product of olefin production. The production process faces dual pressures of petroleum resource consumption and environmental issues. Ethanol, a renewable resource, offers a strategy for green, low-carbon, economical, and sustainable production of butadiene under the "dual carbon" context. This review summarizes the reaction mechanisms, catalyst types, recent research progress, and existing challenges related to the direct conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB). It focuses specifically on how water affects catalysts during the direct conversion of aqueous ethanol to butadiene (AETB), offering fresh perspectives and methods for creating effective and hydrophobic catalysts.
1,3-Butadiene is an important chemical raw material, especially with its large market demand as the main monomer for rubber tires. It is mainly produced by the thermal cracking of naphtha as a by-product of olefin production. The production process faces dual pressures of petroleum resource consumption and environmental issues. Ethanol, a renewable resource, offers a strategy for green, low-carbon, economical, and sustainable production of butadiene under the "dual carbon" context. This review summarizes the reaction mechanisms, catalyst types, recent research progress, and existing challenges related to the direct conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB). It focuses specifically on how water affects catalysts during the direct conversion of aqueous ethanol to butadiene (AETB), offering fresh perspectives and methods for creating effective and hydrophobic catalysts.
