期刊：
Postharvest Biology and Technology,2026年232:113981 ISSN：0925-5214
通讯作者：
Chaozhen Zeng<&wdkj&>Zhixiang Liu
作者机构：
[Pengcheng Gao; Tingting Zhang; Geying Liang; Xujie Dong; Jiqing Peng; Chaozhen Zeng; Zhixiang Liu] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;College of Medicine, Hunan Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Changsha 410220, China;[Xiao Sun] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>College of Medicine, Hunan Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Changsha 410220, China
通讯机构：
[Chaozhen Zeng; Zhixiang Liu] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
摘要：
Cherry tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ), an economically important crop, are highly susceptible to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea during postharvest storage, resulting in deterioration of fruit quality. As a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (ARA) has been shown to act as an elicitor to induce plant defense responses against pathogens. In the present work, we explored the inducing effects and mechanisms of ARA on gray mold resistance through physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Exogenous ARA increased the activities of defense-related enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as significantly suppressed malondialdehyde accumulation in tomato. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that ARA treatment highlighted coordinated changes in the key pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in enhanced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato. The up-regulation of calcium signaling-related genes ( CDPK and CNGCs ) induced early reactive oxygen species burst and hypersensitive response. MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 and MEKK1-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade in the MAPK signaling pathway regulated transcription factors (WRKY25/33, WRKY22/29, Pti5, and Pti6), which in turn induced defense-related genes ( PR1 and ChiB ). Concurrently, the upregulation of key genes ( 4CL , PAL , POD , CCoAOMT , and CYP98A3 ) in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway promoted lignin deposition and the accumulation of antimicrobial compounds, establishing a dual-layered physical-chemical defense barrier. This study provides new insights into the resistance of cherry tomato against B. cinerea induced by ARA.
Cherry tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ), an economically important crop, are highly susceptible to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea during postharvest storage, resulting in deterioration of fruit quality. As a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (ARA) has been shown to act as an elicitor to induce plant defense responses against pathogens. In the present work, we explored the inducing effects and mechanisms of ARA on gray mold resistance through physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Exogenous ARA increased the activities of defense-related enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as significantly suppressed malondialdehyde accumulation in tomato. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that ARA treatment highlighted coordinated changes in the key pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in enhanced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato. The up-regulation of calcium signaling-related genes ( CDPK and CNGCs ) induced early reactive oxygen species burst and hypersensitive response. MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 and MEKK1-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade in the MAPK signaling pathway regulated transcription factors (WRKY25/33, WRKY22/29, Pti5, and Pti6), which in turn induced defense-related genes ( PR1 and ChiB ). Concurrently, the upregulation of key genes ( 4CL , PAL , POD , CCoAOMT , and CYP98A3 ) in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway promoted lignin deposition and the accumulation of antimicrobial compounds, establishing a dual-layered physical-chemical defense barrier. This study provides new insights into the resistance of cherry tomato against B. cinerea induced by ARA.
作者机构：
[Jiahao Pan; Yangtao Lv; Hongren Chen; Shengguo Xue] School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;[Waichin Li] Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Administrative Region, Hong Kong 999077, China;[Jun Wang] School of life science and technology, Central South University of Forestry Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;[Min Hu] School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;[Qi Zou] School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
通讯机构：
[Chuan Wu; Shengguo Xue] S;School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China<&wdkj&>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Administrative Region, Hong Kong 999077, China<&wdkj&>School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
摘要：
Manganese residue, including electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and electrolytic manganese dioxide residue (EMDR), have complicated compositions and are easily generated heavy metals (HMs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) pollution. In this study, HMs and NH 4 + -N in manganese residue were stabilized and solidified using a combined remediation system of quicklime (CaO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and manganese mineralizing microbes. The sequencing of the manganese mineralizing microbes assemblage revealed that Pseudomonas geniculata, Leclercia adecaarboxylata, Ochrobactrum spp., and Delftia tsuruhatensi s comprised the majority of the assemblage species. Moreover, the manganese mineralizing microbes that were identified by screening and isolation exhibited significant metal resistance, metal absorption, and metal detoxifying abilities according to KEGG pathway level 2 analysis. The NH 4 + -N levels in the manganese residue across all treatments exhibited a downward trend, meanwhile NH 4 + -N in the manganese mineralizing microbes treatment groups were all lower than the GB standard (GB8979–1996). The findings of the experiment indicated that when manganese mineralizing microbes (1 % M), 0.2 L/min CO 2 flow, and a carbonization time of >15 min were added, the greatest effect of the addition of the innocuous manganese residue was obtained. The innocuous manganese residue exhibited agglomeration and may be utilized as a filler material, according to the XRD, SEM, and EDS results. In this study, manganese mineralizing microbes, CaO and CO₂ treated HMs and NH₄⁺-N in manganese residue, achieving general industrial solid waste standards, demonstrating potential for large-scale harmless treatment.
Manganese residue, including electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and electrolytic manganese dioxide residue (EMDR), have complicated compositions and are easily generated heavy metals (HMs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) pollution. In this study, HMs and NH 4 + -N in manganese residue were stabilized and solidified using a combined remediation system of quicklime (CaO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and manganese mineralizing microbes. The sequencing of the manganese mineralizing microbes assemblage revealed that Pseudomonas geniculata, Leclercia adecaarboxylata, Ochrobactrum spp., and Delftia tsuruhatensi s comprised the majority of the assemblage species. Moreover, the manganese mineralizing microbes that were identified by screening and isolation exhibited significant metal resistance, metal absorption, and metal detoxifying abilities according to KEGG pathway level 2 analysis. The NH 4 + -N levels in the manganese residue across all treatments exhibited a downward trend, meanwhile NH 4 + -N in the manganese mineralizing microbes treatment groups were all lower than the GB standard (GB8979–1996). The findings of the experiment indicated that when manganese mineralizing microbes (1 % M), 0.2 L/min CO 2 flow, and a carbonization time of >15 min were added, the greatest effect of the addition of the innocuous manganese residue was obtained. The innocuous manganese residue exhibited agglomeration and may be utilized as a filler material, according to the XRD, SEM, and EDS results. In this study, manganese mineralizing microbes, CaO and CO₂ treated HMs and NH₄⁺-N in manganese residue, achieving general industrial solid waste standards, demonstrating potential for large-scale harmless treatment.
摘要：
Fertilizer management in artificial mixed systems is generally regarded as an efficacious approach to enhance soil fertility and sustain soil health. Nevertheless, research on the impacts of incorporating 600 g biochar (BC) with 1500 g organic fertilizers (OF) in the subsoil on the functional characteristics of short-term soil nutrient cycling in artificial mixed woodland soils remains scarce. This study investigated the effects of BC, OF, and (600 g BC + 1500 g OF) their mixture (OFBC) on soil properties and microbial functions in Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Pinus massoniana plantations. The results indicated that, compared to the control group, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 248.33 % and 199.37 %, respectively, after the application of OFBC. Under the treatment of organic fertilizer (OF), the content of total nitrogen (TN) increased by 292.30 %. Metagenomic analysis revealed that BC-OF synergy (1) Upregulated C-fixation genes (e.g., cbbL): but suppressed C-degradation (celB, GAM1) and CH4-metabolism genes (pmoA, mmoX), promoting C-sequestration; (2) Enhanced N-cycling gene abundance (e.g., nifH, hao, nosZ), accelerating N-turnover efficiency beyond additive effects. Soil pH and beta-glucosidase activity (increased by 1255.52 %) were key mediators of microbial functional shifts. The study provides critical insights into leveraging organic amendments to enhance ecosystem services while advancing sustainable forestry practices.
摘要：
Abstract Background Biochar is widely recognized for its capacity to capture and store carbon in soil attributed to its stable structure. However, in most field studies examining the effects of biochar application on soil respiration, the impact of rainfall events on the experimental outcomes has not been taken into account. To address the existing gap in this research field, we conducted a one-year study on soil respiration in an urban camphor forest and collected the data of soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, and the rainfall events closest to the soil respiration monitoring time. We specifically examined how different stages of rainfall events influenced soil respiration in relation to biochar application. Results This study found that the annual average soil respiration rate increased with the doses of biochar application, and the soil respiration rate under the biochar application at the dose of 45 t/ha showed a significant rise. The stages of rainfall events, rainfall amount, and the interaction effect of the two, and biochar doses significantly affected soil respiration. The parameters in the regression model for soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture varied with the different stages of rainfall events and the doses of biochar application. The biochar application eliminated the significant effect of soil moisture on soil respiration during one day after rainfall events. The significant correlation between soil moisture and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was eliminated by biochar application, both during one day after rainfall events and more than eight days after rainfall events. Conclusions Our findings indicated that the rice straw biochar application has a short-term positive effect on soil respiration in urban camphor forests. The rainfall events affect the field soil respiration monitored in the biochar applications, possibly by affecting the soil respiration response to soil temperature and moisture under different doses of biochar application. The impact of rainfall events on soil respiration in biochar application experiments should be considered in future forest monitoring management and practice.
摘要：
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
关键词：
Deep removal;Smelting wastewater;Adsorption;Rich pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon;Tl(I)
摘要：
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
Acute toxicity from thallium (Tl) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Purifying Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater is challenging due to the high mobility of Tl(I) and the complexity of such wastewater. As a soft acid, Tl(I) preferentially interacts with soft bases based on soft-hard interaction principles. In this study, we developed a pyrrolic-nitrogen-carbon sponge (NCS) as a model adsorbent for rapidly removing Tl(I) from complex aqueous environments, leveraging pyrrolic-N as a distinct soft base. The three-dimensional porous architecture of NCS facilitates quick diffusion of Tl(I) to adsorption sites. The optimized NCS-600 adsorbent can purify Tl(I)-contaminated water to drinking standards (< 0.1 µg/L) in just 10 min (at 0.4 g/L, C Tl(I) = 100 µg/L), reaching a high adsorption capacity of 252.14 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis showed that pyrrolic-N primarily facilitated Tl(I) adsorption, while the − OH group played a secondary role due to its minor steric hindrance effect. Outstanding performance was observed across wide pH (4–13) and temperature (15–35 °C) ranges, with negligible impacts of competing ions or coexisting organic compounds. NCS-600 reduced 60.806 µg/L of Tl(I) in zinc smelting wastewater to 0.069 µg/L within 30 min and completely removed 8.3 µg/L from natural water in only 3 min. It stably performed over at least 25 cycles. In fixed-bed operation, only 1.5 g of NCS-600 could purify and exceptionally large 10,109-bed volume (262 L) of contaminated water. This study provides a practical method for thorough decontamination of Tl(I)-containing smelting wastewater and offers new insights into designing advanced adsorbents for removing various heavy metals.
摘要：
Changes in forest type influence microbial nutrient use efficiency, yet few studies have examined how the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaves, litter, and soil affect microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) across different forest types. This study examines how forest type and soil depth influence nutrient dynamics, microbial resource limitation, and microbial CUE in three representative forest types—pure Pinus massoniana (PM), pure Quercus acutissima (QA), and mixed Pinus massoniana–Quercus acutissima (PM-QA)—in northern subtropical China. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–30 cm) across 15 forest plots. Results showed significant differences in nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios among forest types. QA exhibited the highest carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in soil, while PM had the highest leaf and litter C:N ratio and soil N:P ratio. Litter C content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the microbial biomass C:N ratio were highest in PM-QA, contributing to the greatest microbial CUE, whereas PM had the lowest microbial CUE and the strongest nitrogen limitation. The microbial CUE of PM-QA (0.43) was 34 % higher than PM (0.32) and 14 % higher than QA (0.38), indicating improved microbial efficiency in mixed forests. Microbial resource limitation patterns revealed co-limitation by N and P, with PM experiencing the strongest P limitation. Correlation analyses showed that microbial CUE was positively associated with microbial biomass C:N ratio and vector angle but negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), soil N:P ratio, and enzyme C:N ratio. These findings highlight the role of forest type in shaping soil microbial function, with mixed forests enhancing nutrient availability, reducing resource limitation, and improving microbial CUE, ultimately contributing to soil C sequestration. This study provides new insights into how forest composition regulates microbial function and nutrient cycling, with implications for sustainable forest management.
Changes in forest type influence microbial nutrient use efficiency, yet few studies have examined how the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaves, litter, and soil affect microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) across different forest types. This study examines how forest type and soil depth influence nutrient dynamics, microbial resource limitation, and microbial CUE in three representative forest types—pure Pinus massoniana (PM), pure Quercus acutissima (QA), and mixed Pinus massoniana–Quercus acutissima (PM-QA)—in northern subtropical China. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–30 cm) across 15 forest plots. Results showed significant differences in nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios among forest types. QA exhibited the highest carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in soil, while PM had the highest leaf and litter C:N ratio and soil N:P ratio. Litter C content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the microbial biomass C:N ratio were highest in PM-QA, contributing to the greatest microbial CUE, whereas PM had the lowest microbial CUE and the strongest nitrogen limitation. The microbial CUE of PM-QA (0.43) was 34 % higher than PM (0.32) and 14 % higher than QA (0.38), indicating improved microbial efficiency in mixed forests. Microbial resource limitation patterns revealed co-limitation by N and P, with PM experiencing the strongest P limitation. Correlation analyses showed that microbial CUE was positively associated with microbial biomass C:N ratio and vector angle but negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), soil N:P ratio, and enzyme C:N ratio. These findings highlight the role of forest type in shaping soil microbial function, with mixed forests enhancing nutrient availability, reducing resource limitation, and improving microbial CUE, ultimately contributing to soil C sequestration. This study provides new insights into how forest composition regulates microbial function and nutrient cycling, with implications for sustainable forest management.
摘要：
Modern research in nutrition science is transitioning from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies, in which Raman spectroscopy plays a crucial role. Raman spectroscopy and its derived techniques are gaining recognition in nutrition science for their features, such as high-speed, non-destructive analysis, label-free multiple detection and high sensitivity. Raman-enhancing techniques have further improved the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and widely extended its detection and imaging applications in nutrient analysis, as well as in ancillary tasks for nutrition research, such as nutrient status evaluation, nutrient interaction and metabolism studies. Further development of Raman-based analytical approaches lies in the improvement of instruments with higher precision, as well as the incorporation of other analytical techniques and advanced data analysis tools. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with a specific focus on Raman technology, in the field of food and nutrition science research. Instead of delving into the quantitative or qualitative detection capabilities of Raman technology, we highlight the remarkable food analysis and nutrition research methods established by this technology. Generally, this review introduces the characteristics and applications of Raman technology in nutrition analysis and discusses the limitations and future prospects of Raman spectroscopy for nutrition monitoring.
摘要：
The high-value utilization of Camellia oleifera, a major agroforestry waste, is critical for sustainable biomass management. This study presents a green integrated process for efficient lignin extraction and controllable nanoparticle synthesis via acidic solvent extraction and solvent-exchange nanotechnology. Two solvent systems were systematically optimized: HCl/1,4-dioxane achieved higher lignin purity (71.53%-73.52%) under optimal conditions (110 degrees C, 75 min, 90% solvent ratio), whereas p-TsOH/ethylene glycol low eutectic solvent (70 degrees C, 75 min, 65% ratio) yielded superior extraction efficiency (27.38%-28.74%). Subsequent solvent exchange enabled precise regulation of lignin nanoparticle morphology and size. Solvent polarity governed structural outcomes, with acetone producing elongated porous particles (153 +/- 1 nm, PDI = 0.322) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) generating uniform spheres (140 +/- 1 nm, PDI = 0.109). FTIR and zeta potential analyses revealed that tetrahydrofuran's hydrophobic effects enhanced surface electronegativity (-37.5 mV), conferring exceptional colloidal stability (<1% size increase over 30 days). Synergistic optimization of THF/water ratio (50%) and lignin concentration (0.7 mg/ml) produced ultrasmall nanoparticles (80 nm, PDI = 0.082). This work elucidates the multiscale mechanism of solvent polarity in lignin extraction-nanostructuring and establishes a low-carbon pathway for agroforestry waste valorization. The methodology demonstrates significant potential for advancing green material synthesis and nanotechnology applications through biomass-derived functional nanomaterials. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
关键词：
Tree diversity;Soil organic matter decomposition;Temperature sensitivity;Rhizosphere;Microbial ecological strategy
摘要：
Background and aimsTree diversity strongly regulates organic matter inputs by rhizodeposition for microorganisms and microbial communities, impacting soil carbon (C) dynamics and stability. Because of much larger organic C availability in the rhizosphere, it can respond differently to tree diversity compared to bulk soil. To explore soil C stability under global warming, we assessed the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere and bulk soil depending on tree diversity.MethodsQ10 of organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere and bulk soil in a subtropical forest were examined using short-term incubation under controlled conditions depending on tree diversity. Fine root traits and soil C and N availability were evaluated as related to microbial properties.ResultsWith increasing tree diversity, Q10 remained stable in the rhizosphere but decreased in the bulk soil. While greater tree diversity increased fine root biomass, soil C and N availability, microbial K/r strategy ratios in rhizosphere and bulk soil shifter towards the r strategists, with a reduced bacterial K/r strategy ratio. However, microbial gene copy numbers and Shannon diversity remained stable. Partial correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that rhizosphere Q10 remained stable because of C excess and larger microbial abundance. The Q10 reduction in bulk soil correlated with increased C availability and a shift in microbial community towards a lower K/r strategy ratio.ConclusionThe Q10 decoupling between rhizosphere and bulk soil highlights a trade-off, where increasing tree diversity accelerates organic matter decomposition in rhizosphere to sustain nutrient supply, while maintaining bulk C pool stability under global warming.
摘要：
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
Cellulolytic enzymes for bioconversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugar provide an economically viable solution for numerous biofuels production, but currently problematic due to the high cost of commercial cellulase. It has been assessed the secretome of full cellulase and hemicellulase, as well as auxiliary enzyme activity, were assessed in 17 fungal strains. The breakdown of pretreated poplar with various crude enzymes was investigated, and the synergistic effects of crude enzymes and commercial cellulase were evaluated. Correlation coefficients between different enzyme activities and glucose hydrolysis from pretreated poplar were also discussed. It was found cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activity were positively correlated with glucose release, but β-glucosidase activity was indeterminate and lysis polysaccharide monooxygenase activity had a poor correlation. The highest cellulose conversion rates from the pretreated poplar utilized commercial cellulase LLC02 combined with Trichoderma reesei ATCC 24449, Aspergillus niger SM24 and Aspergillus niger SM751 were 94.8 %, 91.6 %, and 103.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the fact that coupling an appropriate amount of secretome cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with cellulase boosts woody biomass hydrolysis, implying that crude enzyme cocktails from selected fungal strains have a high potential for minimizing commercial cellulase costs for industrial applications.
通讯机构：
[Song, ZP ] F;Fudan Univ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Natl Observat & Res Stn Wetland Ecosyst Yangtze Es, Sch Life Sci,Minist Educ,State Key Lab Wetland Con, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;Fudan Univ, Inst Ecochongming, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
关键词：
alpine ecosystem;biodiversity maintenance;community assembly;deterministic process;spatial scale;stochastic process
摘要：
Exploring community assembly is essential for understanding the mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance and species coexistence. In general, stochastic (e.g., dispersal limitation) and deterministic (e.g., environmental filtering) effects have been identified as the two key processes driving community assembly. However, the relative contributions of these two processes and how they vary across different spatial scales remain poorly understood, especially for the high-diversity grassland ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which plays a critical role in global climate regulation. In this study, a total of 27 study sites were established along a north-south transect and a west-east transect across the eastern QTP; the two furthest sites were more than 1000 km apart. We analyzed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and structure of these communities to elucidate the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering effects that shape plant distributions at the regional (i.e., encompassing all sites) and the transect scales. A total of 181 species belonging to 99 genera and 34 families of vascular plants were found across all sample sites. Both at the regional and the transect scale, environmental variables were shown to account for a larger proportion of the variation in species composition than spatial variables. Likewise, the plant species diversity (i.e., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) was also primarily influenced by soil and climatic variables rather than by spatial factors. Specifically, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and soil total carbon content emerged as critical determinants of plant species diversity at the regional scale, while the mean annual temperature was identified as the most important factor at the transect scale. Our results highlight the significance of environmental filtering, rather than dispersal limitation, in shaping plant community dynamics across various spatial scales within the alpine grassland ecosystem, which has crucial implications for plant conservation and biodiversity maintenance under global change scenarios.
摘要：
Ganoderma lingzhi is a new species of the prize medicinal mushroom Ganoderma (Agaricomycetes). Using angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) as a target, a tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Pro (SYP) was discovered with preponderant ACE inhibitory activity with an 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) value of 62.50 mu g/mL attribute to the formed salt bridge and hydrogen bonds between SYP and ACE. SYP even maintained superior bioactivity after intestinal digestion, and exerted no cytotoxicity, but presented incomplete bioavailability in blood of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Furthermore, it performed antihypertensive effect in vivo by inhibiting the influx of Ca2+ through activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)/NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, accompanied by attenuating angiotensin II (Ang II)/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. This work not only discoverers a novel pharmacological ingredient from medicinal mushroom G. lingzhi for hypertension therapy, but also provides an insight into molecular mechanism of the ACE inhibitory peptide (ACEIP) on lowering blood pressure. (c) 2025 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
摘要：
Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z. L. Nie is a medicinal and edible plant with a high dihydromyricetin (DHM) content in its bud tips. Vine tea made from its bud tips has served as a health tea and Chinese herbal medicine for nearly 700 years. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the high DHM content in N. grossedentata bud tips remain inadequately elucidated. This study conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of bud tip flavonoids utilizing HPLC and targeted metabolomics. Core genes influencing the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata were identified through integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results revealed that 65 flavonoid metabolites were detected in bud tips, with DHM as the predominant flavonoid (37.5%), followed by myricetin (0.144%) and taxifolin (0.141%). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 expression and DHM content. Co-expression analysis and qRT-PCR validation demonstrated a significant positive correlation between NgMYB71 and NgF3 ' 5 ' H3, with consistent expression trends across three periods and four tissues. Consequently, NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 and NgMYB71 were identified as core genes influencing the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata. Elevated NgMYB71 expression in bud tips induced high NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 expression, facilitating extensive DHM synthesis in bud tips. Molecular docking analysis revealed that NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 had a strong binding affinity for taxifolin. NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 was the pivotal core node gene in the dihydromyricetin biosynthesis pathway in N. grossedentata and was highly expressed in bud tips. The strong specific binding of NgF3 ' 5 ' H3 to dihydromyricetin precursor metabolites catalyzed their conversion into DHM, resulting in higher DHM contents in bud tips than in other tissues or plants. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the substantial synthesis of DHM in N. grossedentata, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing DHM production and developing N. grossedentata resources.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Wood is primarily made up of secondary xylem cell walls, with lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as the main chemical components. The presence of lignin represents recalcitrance to wood pulping and biofuel conversion. Consequently, reducing lignin content is a key approach to improving wood properties and optimizing its processing. METHODS: In this study, we suppressed lignin biosynthesis by overexpressing a mutated transcription repressor PdLTF1(AA) and enhanced cellulose synthesis simultaneously by introducing cellulose synthase genes, PdCesA4, PdCesA7A, or PdCesA8A, specifically in xylem fiber cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The transgenic plants exhibited decreased lignin content and a significant increase in cellulose content. Transcriptome analysis indicated that expression of PdLTF1(AA) along with PdCesA4, PdCesA7A, or PdCesA8A in fiber cells resulted in transcriptional alterations in the genes associated with cell wall remodeling and polysaccharide synthesis during xylem development. The results also indicated that the diameter of wood fiber cells within the xylem is increased, which leads to a larger stem diameter in the transgenic plants. This study suggests that the biosynthesis of lignin and cellulose can be simultaneously modified, which presents a new strategy for modifying wood fiber characteristics for more efficient fiber and biomass processing.
通讯机构：
[Yang, GH ] D;[Tsubaki, N ; Yang, GH; Shao, LS] U;[Zhang, PP ; Shao, LS ] C;[Yu, ZX ] S;Shaoxing Univ, Inst New Energy, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study presents a one-step catalytic synthesis of unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, MA; methyl methacrylate, MMA) from methanol (MeOH, C1 source) and methyl acetate (MAc) via a Cu–Cs dual-engine-driven (DED) system that integrates four sequential steps—dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, hydrogenation, and secondary aldol condensation. The Cu-engine facilitates proton transfer by capturing protons during MeOH dehydrogenation and donating them in methyl acrylate (MA) hydrogenation, while the Cs-engine activates saturated esters for formaldehyde-mediated aldol condensation. Through systematic optimization of Cu loading methods, deposition sequences, and Cu/Cs ratios, we developed a silicon carrier channel-expanding strategy, enlarging mesopores from 14 nm to 20 nm (30% specific surface area extension) via copper phyllosilicate-induced corrosion. Catalytic performance hinges on balanced medium-strength acid–base sites, a 10 : 7 Cs/Cu ratio, and sequential Cu/Cs loading via the ammonia evaporation method. The optimized 10Cs/7Cu/Q10 catalyst, combined with a downstream Cs–Al/Q10 system, achieves 64.0% unsaturated ester selectivity (55.3% MeOH and 59.8% methyl acetate conversion). This work establishes a design framework for efficient Cu–Cs catalysts in one-step ester synthesis, emphasizing pore engineering, acid–base synergy, and dual-site cooperativity.
This study presents a one-step catalytic synthesis of unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, MA; methyl methacrylate, MMA) from methanol (MeOH, C1 source) and methyl acetate (MAc) via a Cu–Cs dual-engine-driven (DED) system that integrates four sequential steps—dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, hydrogenation, and secondary aldol condensation. The Cu-engine facilitates proton transfer by capturing protons during MeOH dehydrogenation and donating them in methyl acrylate (MA) hydrogenation, while the Cs-engine activates saturated esters for formaldehyde-mediated aldol condensation. Through systematic optimization of Cu loading methods, deposition sequences, and Cu/Cs ratios, we developed a silicon carrier channel-expanding strategy, enlarging mesopores from 14 nm to 20 nm (30% specific surface area extension) via copper phyllosilicate-induced corrosion. Catalytic performance hinges on balanced medium-strength acid–base sites, a 10 : 7 Cs/Cu ratio, and sequential Cu/Cs loading via the ammonia evaporation method. The optimized 10Cs/7Cu/Q10 catalyst, combined with a downstream Cs–Al/Q10 system, achieves 64.0% unsaturated ester selectivity (55.3% MeOH and 59.8% methyl acetate conversion). This work establishes a design framework for efficient Cu–Cs catalysts in one-step ester synthesis, emphasizing pore engineering, acid–base synergy, and dual-site cooperativity.
摘要：
Conventional adsorbents for Hg(II) are not suitable for acidic environments because they degrade and lose activity. In this study, high-density sulfur and nitrogen-containing porous polyacrylonitrile sheet (HSN-PANS) was developed by grafting l-cysteine. The amphoteric HSN-PANS adsorbent can effectively remove Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, reducing its concentration from 11 mg/L to below the drinking water standard of 1 μg/L at pH 2. It shows high adsorption capacity (764 mg/g), strong anti-interference properties, and excellent selectivity. The adsorption mechanism involves coordination and electrostatic interactions. Thanks to its stable structure and efficient desorption, HSN-PANS demonstrates excellent acid resistance and reusability, retaining 99.9 % adsorption efficiency after 43 cycles. Furthermore, it performs reliably in industrial wastewater treatment. Notably, an HSN-PANS-packed column can treat about 5845 bed volumes (69 L) of Hg(II)-spiked acidic wastewater until reaching a breakthrough point of 1 μg/L, concentrating the adsorbed Hg(II) into 1.8 L of desorbent. This study demonstrates the potential of HSN-PANS as an effective adsorbent for directly and efficiently removing Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, providing a promising solution to reduce Hg(II) emissions in industrial processes.
Conventional adsorbents for Hg(II) are not suitable for acidic environments because they degrade and lose activity. In this study, high-density sulfur and nitrogen-containing porous polyacrylonitrile sheet (HSN-PANS) was developed by grafting l-cysteine. The amphoteric HSN-PANS adsorbent can effectively remove Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, reducing its concentration from 11 mg/L to below the drinking water standard of 1 μg/L at pH 2. It shows high adsorption capacity (764 mg/g), strong anti-interference properties, and excellent selectivity. The adsorption mechanism involves coordination and electrostatic interactions. Thanks to its stable structure and efficient desorption, HSN-PANS demonstrates excellent acid resistance and reusability, retaining 99.9 % adsorption efficiency after 43 cycles. Furthermore, it performs reliably in industrial wastewater treatment. Notably, an HSN-PANS-packed column can treat about 5845 bed volumes (69 L) of Hg(II)-spiked acidic wastewater until reaching a breakthrough point of 1 μg/L, concentrating the adsorbed Hg(II) into 1.8 L of desorbent. This study demonstrates the potential of HSN-PANS as an effective adsorbent for directly and efficiently removing Hg(II) from acidic wastewater, providing a promising solution to reduce Hg(II) emissions in industrial processes.
摘要：
Purpose Climate warming can cause more frequent droughts in wetlands, leading to changes in soil properties and vegetation expansion, and influencing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Soil consolidation accelerated by drought is assumed to be an important factor affecting CO2 emissions from wetland soils. However, very few studies have proved this. Methods Here, we employed a mesocosm experiment to simulate sedge colonization under warming scenarios over an entire growing season. This experiment continuously monitored CO2 fluxes, along with water vapor (H2O) fluxes, changes in sediment surface elevation, soil chemical properties, plant growth characteristics, and the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Results Warming significantly impacts soil CO2 emissions in mudflats, causing increases of up to 75%. However, in sedge colonized treatments, an increase of only 8% for soil CO2 flux was found. In addition to H2O fluxes in the mudflat, significant differences were only found in sediment surface elevation change between warming and control treatments among all the other factors. A significant positive correlation between CO2 flux and H2O flux with sediment surface elevation change was revealed in the mudflat, as opposed to the sedge colonized treatment. Conclusions Our results indicate that soil consolidation caused by drought was the primary driver leading to the higher CO2 emissions in mudflat under warming conditions, while sedge colonization can offset this effect. This study first provides evidence for the effect of soil consolidation on wetland CO2 emissions, providing new insights into evaluating CO2 budgets under global climate change.
摘要：
Investigating the response of the rhizosphere and bulk soil to fertilization, along with the mechanisms governing their dynamic and stability, is essential to understand root and microbial functions in ecosystems. Here we synthesized 7606 pairwise observations based on 3803 paired samples from rhizosphere and bulk soil to assess how chemical and microbiological properties respond to application of mineral and organic fertilizers across croplands, grasslands, and forests. Fertilization positively altered the overall chemical properties of rhizosphere and bulk soil by 21% and 18%, respectively, while microbiological properties remained largely unchanged except for microbial biomass and the activities of certain enzymes. Fertilization decreased the response variability of soil properties, resulting in reduced heterogeneity, particularly in bulk soil. The response slopes of rhizosphere and bulk soil properties to fertilization were below 1.0, indicating that the rhizosphere had greater resistance, especially under organo-mineral fertilizer application. This high resistance stems from i) large input or available compounds by roots maintaining the stability of microbial communities in rhizosphere, ii) stronger microbial control over chemical properties, and iii) a larger gap in response variability between rhizosphere and bulk soil. In conclusion, while rhizosphere and bulk soil properties respond similarly to fertilization, the rhizosphere demonstrates greater stability due to its higher resistance. The rhizosphere showed greater resistance to fertilization than bulk soil owing to stronger microbial effects on chemical properties and a marked difference in response variability, based on a global meta-analysis of 7606 observations across farmlands, grasslands, and forests.
作者机构：
[Wang, Yanjun; Wang, Yonghong; Huang, Junjie; Yang, Zhenyuan; Xia, Shaojie] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Utilizat Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Ning, Ge; Ning, G] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Int Educ Inst, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, YH ] C;[Ning, G ] H;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Utilizat Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Int Educ Inst, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
关键词：
DNA walker;G-quadruplex;Magnetic bead;Restriction endonuclease;Zearalenone
摘要：
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic metabolite produced mainly by strains of Fusarium spp. and is characterized by high toxicity and easy residue. Prolonged exposure to ZEN-contaminated grains can produce a range of toxic effects in the body and affect human health. In this study, an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode biosensor for ZEN detection was developed based on streptavidin-modified magnetic beads (SA-MBs) and the DNA walker. In this strategy, Apt/Walker could be used to specifically recognize ZEN and trigger two endonuclease-driven walker reactions, which resulted in the disruption and cleavage of orbital chains on SA-MBs and on the electrode surface. This ultimately led to dynamic changes in the colorimetric signal of the solution and the electrochemical signal on the electrode surface. The integration of target recognition with dual signal amplification and the reliability of dual mode detection were some of the advantages of the designed sensor. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits for both modes were 3.44 × 10 −10 mol/L (colorimetry) and 3.39 × 10 −9 mol/L (electrochemistry), respectively. At the same time, this dual-mode sensor had good specificity and recovery. It addressed the limitations of traditional detection methods and has broad potential in areas such as food safety.
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic metabolite produced mainly by strains of Fusarium spp. and is characterized by high toxicity and easy residue. Prolonged exposure to ZEN-contaminated grains can produce a range of toxic effects in the body and affect human health. In this study, an electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode biosensor for ZEN detection was developed based on streptavidin-modified magnetic beads (SA-MBs) and the DNA walker. In this strategy, Apt/Walker could be used to specifically recognize ZEN and trigger two endonuclease-driven walker reactions, which resulted in the disruption and cleavage of orbital chains on SA-MBs and on the electrode surface. This ultimately led to dynamic changes in the colorimetric signal of the solution and the electrochemical signal on the electrode surface. The integration of target recognition with dual signal amplification and the reliability of dual mode detection were some of the advantages of the designed sensor. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits for both modes were 3.44 × 10 −10 mol/L (colorimetry) and 3.39 × 10 −9 mol/L (electrochemistry), respectively. At the same time, this dual-mode sensor had good specificity and recovery. It addressed the limitations of traditional detection methods and has broad potential in areas such as food safety.
