摘要：
Extensive research has been conducted on Camellia oleifera Abel., a cultivar predominantly distributed in China, to investigate its phytochemical composition, owning to its potential as an edible oil crop. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, as essential active constituents, play a significant role in contributing to the pharmacological effects of this cultivar. The saponins derived from C. oleifera (CoS) offer a diverse array of bioactivity benefits, including antineoplastic/bactericidal/inflammatory properties, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, as well as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation and pharmacological properties of CoS. Specially, we attempt to reveal the antitumor structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CoS-derived triterpenoids. The active substitution sites of CoS, namely, C-3, C-15, C-16, C-21, C-22, C-23, and C-28 pentacyclic triterpenoids, make it a unique and highly valuable substance with significant medicinal and culinary applications. As such, CoS can play a critical role in transforming people's lives, providing unique medicinal benefits, and contributing to the advancement of both medicine and cuisine.
通讯机构：
[Junqin Zhou; Xiaofeng Tan] K;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
ABA;Camellia oleifera;FLA;Pollen tube growth
摘要：
Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a class of highly glycosylated glycoproteins that perform crucial functions in plant growth and development. This study was carried out to further explore their roles in pollen tube growth. The results showed that seven members (CoFLA1/2/3/4/7/8/17) of the CoFLAs family were identified by sequence characteristics, and they all possessed the fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domain and H1 and H2 conserved domains. They were all located on the plasma membranes of tobacco epidermal cells, and the GPI-anchor sequences of CoFLA1/2/3/4 determined the membrane localization. In flower tissues, CoFLA2 and CoFLA8 were not expressed in the pollen tube but were expressed in the unpollinated style and ovary; the others were all expressed in the pollen tube. In the pollination-compatible style and ovary, they exhibited different expression patterns. Furthermore, all CoFLAs promoted pollen germination in vitro, while only CoFLA7 significantly promoted pollen tube elongation, and the expression of CoFLA1/3/4/7/17 in pollen tubes was regulated by CoFLA proteins. The ABA and ABA synthetic inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) both inhibited pollen tube elongation; however, only ST downregulated the expression of CoFLA1/7/17 and upregulated the expression of CoFLA4. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CoFLAs may be significant in pollen tube growth in C. oleifera and that some CoFLAs may participate in the regulation of ABA signaling.
通讯机构：
[Junqin Zhou; Xiaofeng Tan] K;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410001 China
摘要：
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone involved in a series of growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is the core regulatory gene in the process of SA-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Whether NPR1 is involved in pollen tube growth mediated by SA and its derivative MeSA (methyl salicylate) remains to be explored. Here, we found that the contents of endogenous SA and MeSA in self- or cross-pollinated pistils changed significantly, and exogenous SA and MeSA significantly promoted pollen germination and pollen tube elongation of Camellia oleifera at lower concentrations. CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 were identified, and they were all located in the nucleus. A high level of consistency was observed across the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and functional domains, indicating a clear division of function, as observed in other species. The expression levels of CoNPR1, CoNPR3.1, CoNPR3.2, and CoNPR5 in self- and cross-pollinated pistils had certain regularity. Furthermore, they exhibited tissue-specific expression pattern. CoNPR1 and CoNPR3.1 were expressed in pollen tubes, whose expression was regulated by SA or MeSA, and their expression patterns were basically consistent with the trend of pollen germination. These results indicate that SA and MeSA are involved in the pollen tube growth of C. oleifera, and CoNPRs may play an important role therein.
摘要：
【目的】探讨NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,以及Ca~(2+)是否有缓解作用,旨在探索在盐渍化地区引种油茶的可能性,为油茶的引种和栽培提供参考资料。【方法】以油茶‘华硕'花粉为试验材料,采用MTT染色法和花粉液体培养法,研究NaCl胁迫以及在NaCl胁迫环境中添加Ca~(2+)后对油茶花粉生活力、萌发率和花粉管生长的影响。【结果】1)NaCl对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长均有抑制作用,且抑制效果随NaCl浓度的提高而增强,而高浓度NaCl可完全抑制花粉萌发。20 mM NaCl的抑制效果显著(P < 0.05),此时花粉生活力和花粉萌发率分别为36.22%和42.84%,分别是CK的49.97%和57.33%,花粉管长度为23.75 μm,是CK的73.54%。在NaCl胁迫环境中,部分花粉管的顶端有膨大现象。2)在20 mM NaCl的胁迫下,外源Ca~(2+)对花粉生活力有抑制作用,但能部分缓解NaCl对油茶花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的抑制作用。2 mM Ca~(2+)对花粉萌发率的缓解效果最佳,此时花粉萌发率显著提高,为60.5%,而Ca~(2+)浓度超过2 mM时,花粉萌发率显著下降,维持在29%左右,出现抑制作用。花粉管长度随着Ca~(2+)浓度的增加而缓慢增长,25 mM Ca~(2+)对花粉管伸长的促进作用最明显,此时花粉管最长,为35.05 μm。当Ca~(2+)浓度超过3 mM时,在刚萌发出来的花粉管或者较短的花粉管中顶端破裂现象严重。【结论】在花粉的离体培养过程中,NaCl会对油茶花粉生活力、花粉萌发和花粉管伸长造成胁迫,所以,在油茶的栽培和管理过程中,应避免将油茶处在盐胁迫环境中。 Ca~(2+)参与了油茶花粉适应盐环境的过程,可为提高油茶耐盐性的研究奠定理论基础。
关键词：
Camellia oleifera;Oil-tea;mitogen-activated protein kinase;plant hormone;pollen tube death;programmed cell death;ubiquitination
摘要：
Oil-tea tree (Camellia oleifera) is the most important edible oil tree species in China with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) properties. The mechanism of LSI is uncertain, which seriously hinders the research on its genetic characteristics, construction of genetic map, selection of cross breeding parents and cultivar arrangement. To gain insights into the LSI mechanism, we performed cytological, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies on self- and cross-pollinated pistils. The studies identified 166,591 transcripts, 6851 proteins and 6455 metabolites. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1197 differentially expressed transcripts between self- and cross-pollinated pistils and 47 programmed cell death (PCD)-control transcripts. Trend analysis by Pearson correlation categorized nine trend graphs linked to 226 differentially expressed proteins and 38 differentially expressed metabolites. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the LSI was closely associated with PCD-related genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These particular trends in transcripts, proteins and metabolites suggested the involvement of PCD in LSI. The results provide a solid genetic foundation for elucidating the regulatory network of PCD-mediated self-incompatibility in C. oleifera.
通讯机构：
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Cooperative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-wood Forest Trees of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
摘要：
Tung tree (Vernicia fordii), an economically important woody oil plant, is a monoecious and diclinous species with male and female flowers on the same inflorescence. The extremely low proportion of female flowers leads to low fruit yield in tung orchards. The female flower normally develops along with stamen abortion; otherwise sterile ovules will be produced. However, little knowledge is known about the molecular basis of the female flower development in tung tree. In this study, integrated analyses of morphological and cytological observations, endogenous phytohormone assay and RNA-seq were conducted to understand the molecular mechanism of the female flower development in tung tree. Cytological observation suggested that the abortion of stamens in female flowers (SFFs) belongs to the type of programmed cell death (PCD), which was caused by tapetum degeneration at microspore mother cell stage. A total of 1,366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in female flowers by RNA-seq analysis, of which 279 (20.42%) DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Stage-specific transcript identification detected dynamically expressed genes of important transcription regulators in female flowers that may be involved in PCD and floral organ development. Gene expression patterns revealed that 17 anther and pollen development genes and 37 PCD-related genes might be involved in the abortion of SFF. Further analyses of phytohormone levels and co-expression networks suggested that salicylic acid (SA) accumulation could trigger PCD and inhibit the development of SFF in tung tree. This study provides new insights into the role of SA in regulating the abortion of SFF to develop normal female flowers.
通讯机构：
Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Cooperative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-wood Forest Trees of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
The Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
