作者机构：
中南林业科技大学 食品科学与工程学院,湖南 长沙,410004;稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程实验室,湖南 长沙,410004;特医食品加工湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410004;[钱鑫; 周文化; 胡瀚; 张雨鑫] College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Changsha, 410004, China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Medical Food Processing, Changsha, 410004, China;[王娅殊] College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Changsha, 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, W.] C;College of Food Science and Engineering, China
作者机构：
[Shi, Hao; Wang, Yun] Hunan Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Changde, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Yin yu; Zhou, Wen hua; Wang, Yun; Shi, Hao] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[He, Xiao e; He, Fu yin; Shi, Hao] Hunan Appl Technol Univ, Coll Agr & Forestry Sci, Changde, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shi, H ] H;Hunan Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Changde, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Grape berry;Calcium spray at flowering;Post-harvest 1-MCP treatment;Preservation;Pre- and post-harvest
摘要：
These tests were carried out to find out how calcium and 1-MCP treatment affected the preservation of grapes, as grapes are highly susceptible to decay during post-harvest storage. The grapes were treated with 5 g/L calcium at the flowering stage, followed by 1 mu L/L 1-MCP treatment after harvesting. When grapevines were treated with a combination of calcium and 1-MCP, the marketable fruit rate (At day 56 of storage, the 1-MCP + Ca2+ treatment group was still 93%, an increase of 29.03% compared to the control group.) and quality improved (At day 28 of storage, the VC content of the 1-MCP + Ca2+ treated group was 4.35 mg/100g, an increase of 25.01% compared to the control group.), while the fruit weight loss rate decreased (At day 56 of storage, the weight loss of the control group was 6.97%, an increase of 39.43% compared to the 1-MCP + Ca2+ treated group.). According to the experimental results, there are several reasons for this. First, in the early stages of fruit storage, the concentration of soluble pectin and soluble fiber, as well as the activities of pectinase and cellulase (related gene levels) were decreased. Secondly, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased, while MDA content was decreased. Third, during fruit storage, the respiratory intensity and ethylene release rate were reduced, as was the activity of energy metabolism enzymes. As a result, the aging and deterioration of the fruit during storage were delayed. Principal component analysis revealed that the calcium and 1-MCP combination therapy slowed the decline in grape berry quality, followed by the calcium-treated and 1-MCPtreated fruits. In contrast, grape berry quality declined the most rapidly in the control group.
通讯机构：
[Lu Lu] S;School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, PR China<&wdkj&>National Engineering Research Center for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, PR China
摘要：
The development of cereal foods with slow starch digestibility is important for the general improvement of human health. In this study, the quality properties of noodles with added okara, in vitro starch digestibility, and the underlying mechanisms of the influence of okara on noodles were studied. Low concentrations (5 and 10 %) of okara improved the texture, cooking, and sensory properties of the noodles. Okara decreased the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content, increased the resistant starch (RS) content, and reduced the predicted glycaemic index (pGI) of noodles. The pasting viscosity, thermal stability, and dynamic rheological results indicated that okara improved the starch crystallite stability of wheat flour and viscoelasticity of dough. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that okara promoted the formation of starch-lipid complexes and improved the short-range structural order of starch. Additionally, microstructure imaging and protein network analysis (PNA) indicated that low addition of okara promoted the compactness of the okara-gluten-starch matrix, thus reducing the contact between starch and hydrolytic enzymes. These results reveal the effect of okara on the quality properties and starch digestibility in a starch-gluten complex system.
作者机构：
特医食品加工湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410004;中南林业科技大学 食品科学与工程学院,湖南 长沙,410004;[张家铭; 钱鑫; 赵培瑞; 周文化; 李良怡; 赵野; 吴安琪; 李嘉灏] Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha, 410004, China, Food Science and Engineering, Central South Forestry University of Science and Technology University, Changsha, 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Zhou, W.] H;Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical PurposeChina
通讯机构：
[Zeng, EL ; Wang, RC ] H;[Zhou, WH ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Hunan Inst Agr Prod Proc, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Botryosphaeria dothidea is a main post-harvest pathogen of kiwifruit, causing fruit decay and health problems. In this study, the effect of Chinese herbal extract compound (CHEC) on the antifungal assay, the SEM (scanning electron microscope) observation, fluorescence microscopy observation, transcriptional profile, and physiological characters of B. dothidea was measured. CHEC (0.6 to 0.8 mg/ml) significantly inhibited mycelium growth, reduced the formation and germination of spores, and decreased the content of sugar and protein in the mycelium. The activity of SOD, CAT, POD, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cellulase, and glucanase was significantly reduced, while the content of malondialdehyde in the mycelium was significantly increased. In addition, there was a significant decrease in DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential and a significant increase in ROS. The mycelium appeared thicker, the top of the mycelium was significantly larger, the cell membrane of spores began to contract and bend, and the nucleus gradually disappeared. Transcriptome data showed that a total of 20,510 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 19,139 down-regulated and 1371 up-regulated genes. Both RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR showed that the genes of remarkable down-regulation were included in the membrane pathway, cell pathway, oxidoreductase activity pathway, transport and catabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Practical applications CHEC is a mixture of several extracts with strong antifungal effects. It is a green and safe antifungal agent. CHEC has a strong antifungal effect by destroying mycelial cell structure, inhibiting gene expression and mycelial growth and metabolism. These findings provided additional useful information on the antifungal mechanism of CHEC at the molecular and genetic levels, and suggested that CHEC was a potential candidate to control B. dothidea. Moreover, our data provided novel insights into the green and safe preservation of kiwifruit.
摘要：
As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affects citrus production and causes large economic losses. Timely monitoring of disease characteristics in the citrus growth process is important for implementing timely control measures. Citrus images are easily disturbed by environmental factors such as dust, low light, clouds or leaf shadows. This makes it easy for some disease spot features in citrus pictures to be obscured. Occluded lesions cannot be effectively extracted and recognized. Second, similar characteristics of different diseases also make it difficult to distinguish the different types of diseases. However, the existing machine vision technology for identifying citrus diseases still has some difficulties in dealing with the above problems. This paper proposes a new citrus disease identification framework. First, a citrus image enhancement algorithm based on the MSR-AMSR algorithm is proposed, which can enhance the image and highlight the disease characteristic information. The AMSR algorithm can also greatly alleviate the interference of clouds and low light on image lesions, making the image features clearer. Second, an MF-RANet network is proposed to recognize citrus disease images. MF-RANet is composed of a main feature frame and a detail feature frame. The main feature frame uses the cross stacking structure of ResNet50 and RAM to extract the main features in the citrus image dataset. RAM is used to extract the attention weight in the feature layer, which enables RAM to give higher weight to disease features. The detailed feature frame path uses AugFPN to extract features from multiple scales and fuse the main feature frame path. AugFPN enables the network to retain more detailed features, so it can effectively distinguish similar features in different diseases. In addition, we use the ELU activation function not only to solve the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance but also to effectively use the negative input of the network. Finally, we use the label smoothing regularization method to prevent overfitting the network in the classification process. Finally, the experimental results show that the highest detection accuracy of the network for Huanglong disease, Corynespora blight of citrus, fat spot macular disease, citrus scab, citrus canker and healthy citrus is 96.77%, 96.22%, 95.96%, 95.93%, 94.04% and 97.55%, respectively. The citrus disease algorithm based on AMSR and MF-RANet can effectively perform the disease detection function. It has a high recognition rate for different kinds of citrus diseases. With the addition of AMSR preprocessing, RAM, AugFPN, ELU activation function and other structures, the MF-RANet network performance improves.
