作者机构：
[张倩妮; 陈永华; 杨皓然; 陈明利; 柳俊] Environmental Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
作者机构：
[陈明利; 吴晓芙] College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;[祝贞科; Yuan H.-Z.; 葛体达; 王久荣; 吴金水] Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China;[沈冰洁] College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
作者机构：
[吴晓芙; 纪智慧; 陈永华; 陈明利; 马群] College of Environment Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Wu, X.] C;College of Environment Science and Engineering, China
作者机构：
[陈永华; 吴晓芙; 郝君; 陈明利; 朱光玉] Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Wu, Xiaofu] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Res Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
vertical-flow constructed wetlands;plant intercropping model;warm seasonal plant model
摘要：
Subtropical climatic conditions can contribute to the death of the aerial parts of constructed wetland plants in winter. This presents a barrier to the widespread application of constructed wetland and is an issue that urgently needs to be solved. Three contrasting experiments, the plant-intercropping model (A), the warm-seasonal plant model (B), and the non-plant model (C), were studied in terms of their efficiency in removing pollutants, and the change in root structure of plants in the plant-intercropping model within the vertical-flow constructed wetlands. The results indicate that model A was able to solve the aforementioned problem. Overall, average removal rates of three pollutants (CODCr, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP)) using model A were significantly higher than those obtained using models B and C (P<0.01). Moreover, no significant differences in removal rates of the three pollutants were detected between A and B during the higher temperature part of the year (P > 0.05). Conversely, removal rates of the three pollutants were found to be significantly higher using model A than those observed using model B during the lower temperature part of the year (P<0.01). Furthermore, the morphologies and internal structures of plant roots further demonstrate that numerous white roots, whose distribution in soil was generally shallow, extend further under model A. The roots of these aquatic plants have an aerenchyma structure composed of parenchyma cells, therefore, roots of the cold-seasonal plants with major growth advantages used in A were capable of creating a more favorable vertical-flow constructed wetlands mediamicroenvironment. In conclusion, the plant-intercropping model (A) is more suitable for use in the cold environment experienced by constructed wetland during winter.
作者机构：
[陈永华; 吴晓芙; 陈明利; 张珍妮; 李科林; 王忠诚; 雷电] Research Center of Environment Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
作者机构：
[陈明利; 吴晓芙; 陈永华; 蒋丽娟; 纪智慧; 马群] Institute of Environment Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
作者机构：
[陈永华; 吴晓芙; 陈明利; 蒋丽娟; 李科林; 雷电; 王海滨] Institute of Environment Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
作者机构：
[Wu Xiaofu; Zhao Fang; Chen Mingli; Ji Zhihui; Ma Qun] Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Inst Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, XF ] ;Cent S Univ Forestry & Technol, Inst Environm Sci & Engn, Shaoshan S Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Adsorption experiments of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto vermiculite were conducted to test the applicability of two basic functions derived for calculating the change in the Gibbs' free energy (ΔG0) and the chemical potential (Δμ) between the initial and equilibrium states in ion adsorption systems. The functions were deduced on the basis of the thermodynamic principle that the chemical potentials of the reactants and products of a physicochemical reaction should be equal in the equilibrium state and, consequently, the change in the Gibbs' free energy between the initial and equilibrium states of the reaction should be equal to the sum of the initial molar quantity of each reactant multiplied by its change in chemical potential. The results of the analysis conducted indicate that the two functions considered could well be used not only for calculating ΔG0 and Δμ but also for determining the adsorption capacity of an adsorbent under the conditions considered.
作者机构：
[陈永华; 吴晓芙; 蒋丽鹃; 陈明利; Zeng M.; 雷电; 张珍妮; 阳石英] Institute of Environment Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
通讯机构：
Institute of Environment Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environment, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China
