期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2022年13:947882 ISSN：1664-462X
通讯作者：
Liu, W.;Zeng, W.
作者机构：
[Kuang, Xueshao; Hu, Jiayao; Wang, Wumin; Zeng, Wenbin; Liu, Wensheng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, W.; Zeng, W.] C;College of Life Science and Technology, China
关键词：
Daucus carota;Mn accumulation;anatomical structure;Subcellular distribution;Chemical forms
摘要：
Daucus carota is a biennial herb of the Umbelliferae family, which is a candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Mn pollution. To reveal the mechanism of this plant to adapt to Mn stress, plant growth, anatomical structure, Mn accumulation characteristic, Mn subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of D. carota under six Mn2+ concentrations by pot culture experiments were studied. The results showed that with the rising Mn concentrations, the total dry weight and leaf area of D. carota increased firstly and then decreased, while the specific leaf area increased. The thickness of the main vein, upper epidermis, and lower epidermis; the thickness of the palisade tissue; and the thickness of the spongy tissue of the leaves increased firstly and then decreased. The Mn content in the aboveground and underground parts of D. carota increased, and the values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were higher than 1. The Mn existing in the cell wall and soluble components accounted for the largest proportion, and the proportion of Mn in the cell wall increased with increasing concentrations of Mn. In addition, Mn mainly existed in ethanol extraction state, deionized water extraction state, and sodium chloride extraction state. The results showed that D. carota could alleviate the damage caused by high manganese concentration by storing most of manganese in the cell wall and vacuole and existing in the form of low-activity state.
关键词：
Complex planting and breeding;Greenhouse gas;Methane;Rice-duck
摘要：
Integrated rice-duck farming (IRDF) has proven to decrease methane (CH4) emissions due to increased dissolved oxygen caused by duck bioturbation. The duck bioturbation, however, also causes many bubbles of CH4 that were overlooked in previous studies. Therefore, it is uncertain whether IRDF could decrease CH4 emissions. We hypothesize that the effect of IRDF on CH4 emissions is related with the intensity of duck bioturbation. We simulated duck's disturbance (trampling and foraging) by stirring and aerating the surface soil in flooded rice fields. Three treatments were disturbed with an interval of 12 h (D12), 24 h (D24), and 48 h (D48), respectively, with non-disturbance as the control (CK). CH4 emissions as bubbles during the disturbance period (CH4-A) were investigated. Besides, CH4 emissions were investigated every 2 h (CH4-B), which lasted for 4 days during the rice elongation stage. Compared with CK, D12, D24, and D48 decreased CH4-B emissions by 17.1%, 14.0%, and 10.1%, respectively. However, the CH4-A emissions under D12, D24, and D48 were equivalent to 14.2%, 14.0%, and 11.9% of CH4 emissions under CK, respectively. On the whole, simulated duck bioturbation had limited effects on the reduction of total CH4 emissions.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Hui; Zhao, Yunlin] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
g-C3N4 nanosheets;BiFeO3;Cr(VI) photoreduction;Heterojunction;Electrolyte ion
摘要：
A novel ternary composite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/graphene oxide (GO) sheets/BiFeO3 (CNGB) with highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity toward Cr(Vl) photoreduction is prepared and characterized. The characterization and photocatalysis experiments corroborate its reasonable band gap, efficient charge separation and transfer, widened visible-light adsorption, easy solid-liquid separation, good stability and superior catalytic activity of CNGB. Three CNGB samples with different ratios of g-C3N4 and BiFeO3 (CNGB-1, -2, -3 with 2:4, 3:3, and 4:2, respectively), though possessing different adsorption ability, eventually remove all Cr(Vl) ions via photocatalysis within 90 min. The catalytic efficiency of the composite is the highest at pH 2; increases in pH decrease the catalytic ability. The inorganic anions such as SO4-, Cl-, and NO3- only slightly affects the photocatalytic process. The matching of the band structure between BiFeO3 and g-C3N4 generates efficient photogenerated electron migration from the conduction band of g-C3N4 to that of BiFeO3, which is also facilitated by the electron bridging and collecting effects of GO, and holes transfer from the valence band of BiFeO3 to that of g-C3N4, yielding the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the subsequent enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of photocatalytic technologies for effective application in wastewater treatment and Cr-contaminated water restoration. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Water and organic amendments are the two most important factors that control methane (CH4) emissions from rice fields, the combined effect of which on CH4 emissions has been rarely studied. Thus, a field experiment in a split-plot design was conducted to investigate the combined effect of straw and water management on CH4 emissions. Main plots had water treatments: continuous flooding (CF), flooding - midseason drying - flooding (FDF), and flooding for transplanting - rainfed (RF); and subplots had straw treatments: straw incorporated into soil (SI), straw mulching (SM), and without straw. Results showed that the presence of water layer led to substantial increase in CH4 emissions which were enhanced by straw application. Cumulative CH4 emissions were influenced by water, straw, and their interactions significantly (P<0.05). The cumulative CH4 emissions were 505.3, 241.2, and 56.5kgha(-1) for CF, FDF, and RF, respectively. By contrast, SI under CF, FDF, and RF increased CH4 emissions by 265.4, 271.4, and 175.6kgha(-1), respectively. And SM under CF, FDF, and RF increased CH4 emissions by 213.3, 112.8, and 14.6kgha(-1), respectively. The results indicated that SM resulted in less CH4 emissions compared with SI, especially in plots frequently with absence of water layer. Besides, SM had a potential to increase rice yield in rice paddies that had a lack of water. Therefore, in-season straw application should be avoided in lowland rice paddies, and straw mulching is practical in rice paddies lack of water.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL,2019年102(1):69-74 ISSN：1060-3271
通讯作者：
Xia, Xinhua
作者机构：
[Xia, Xinhua; Gong, Limin; Wu, Hongnian; Wang, Wei; Yan, Jianye; Tan, Shihan; Li, Shunxiang] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, 300 Xueshi Rd, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Jianye] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr, 300 Xueshi Rd, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yuanqing] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 498 Shaoshan Rd, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Zhicheng] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Spine Surg, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410008, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xia, Xinhua] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, 300 Xueshi Rd, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Background: Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (named Huzhang in China) is a traditional and popular Chinese medicinal herb used in removing jaundice, clearing heat-toxin, improving blood circulation, expelling stasis, dispelling wind and dampness, repelling phlegm, and suppressing cough. It is widely used in drug and functional food fields and distributed throughout the world, including in China, Japan, and North America. Objective: To control the quality of Polygonum Cuspidatum, an effective, reliable, and simple method for simultaneous determination of two stilbenes (polydatin, resveratrol) and four anthraquinones (emodin, physcion, rhein, and anthraglycoside B) was developed and validated for the first time in this study by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Methods: Separation was carried out on Agilent C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm) with acetonitrile and 0.10% aqueous phosphoric acid as mobile phase and gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was conducted with mobile wavelength at 30°C. Results: Good validation of the method including linearity, precision, repeatability, and recovery was performed. The contents of the studied analytes are significantly different, and resveratrol and rhein in particular existed in greater fluctuation among the samples. Conclusion: A simple, reliable, and sensitive method has been successfully established and applied to the analysis for simultaneous determination of the target compounds in 11 batches of samples. Highlights: Separation and quantitative analysis of two stilbenes and four anthraquinones from P. cuspidatum were developed by RP-HPLC. This method is convenient, sensitive, and accurate and can provide a reliable basis for further applications of P. cuspidatum in drug or food fields.
摘要：
This study provides a complete account of global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in relation to a long-term water management experiment in Chinese double-rice cropping systems. The three strategies of water management comprised continuous (year-round) flooding (CF), flooding during the rice season but with drainage during the midseason and harvest time (F-D-F), and irrigation only for flooding during transplanting and the tillering stage (F-RF). The CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured with the static chamber method. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rates were estimated based on the changes in the carbon stocks during 1998-2014. Longer periods of soil flooding led to increased CH4 emissions, reduced N2O emissions, and enhanced SOC sequestration. The net GWPs were 22,497, 8,895, and 1,646 kg CO2-equivalent ha(-1) yr(-1) for the CF, F-D-F, and F-RF, respectively. The annual rice grain yields were comparable between the F-D-F and CF, but were reduced significantly (by 13%) in the F-RF. The GHGIs were 2.07, 0.87, and 0.18 kg CO2-equivalent kg(-1) grain yr(-1) for the CF, F-D-F, and F-RF, respectively. These results suggest that F-D-F could be used to maintain the grain yields and simultaneously mitigate the climatic impact of double rice-cropping systems.
作者机构：
[Jilie L.; Wei W.; Yuefei Y.; Yaohui W.] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
通讯机构：
[Wei, W.] C;College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Xia, Shitou; Zhao, Bingran] H;[Li, Hongqing] S;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;South China Normal Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Biotechnol Plant Dev, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Rice grain with excessive cadmium (Cd) is a major source of dietary Cd intake and a serious threat to health for people who consume rice as a staple food. The development of elite rice cultivars with consistently low Cd content is challenging for conventional breeding approaches, and new strategies urgently need to be developed. Here, we report the development of new indica rice lines with low Cd accumulation and no transgenes by knocking out the metal transporter gene OsNramp5 using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Hydroponic culture showed that Cd concentrations in shoots and roots of osnramp5 mutants were dramatically decreased, resulting in rescue of impaired growth in high Cd condition. Cd-contaminated paddy field trials demonstrated that Cd concentration in osnramp5 grains was consistently less than 0.05 mg/kg, in contrast to high Cd concentrations from 0.33 mg/kg to 2.90 mg/kg in grains of Huazhan (the wild-type indica rice). In particular, the plant yield was not significantly affected in osnramp5 mutants. Furthermore, we developed promising hybrid rice lines with extremely low Cd content in grains. Our work supplies a practical approach to developing Cd pollution-safe indica rice cultivars that minimizes Cd contamination risk in grains.
