摘要：
Self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the main reasons leading to the low fruit set of Camellia oleifera and limiting the yield of Camellia oil. It is important to uncover the molecular mechanism of SI for guiding production. Accurate quantification of the expression level of SI determinants is essential, which requires qRT-PCR technology and appropriate reference genes. However, the screening of SI-related reference genes in C. oleifera has not been reported. In this study, multiple transcriptome data were innovatively integrated and candidate reference genes of SI were systematically and rapidly screened in C. oleifera. TIF3H1 was selected as the most stable gene expressed in pistillate tissues of C. oleifera under different pollination treatments based on the comprehensive evaluation using qRT-PCR and statistical algorithms of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The expression of SI-related genes of C. oleifera validated the stability of TIF3H1 as the reference gene. Using TIF3H1 as the reference gene, the expression of the potential SI determinants in compatible and incompatible pistils was accurately quantified, and the high expression of the homologous gene of pectin methylesterase (PME) in incompatible pistils suggested its positive effect on SI of C. oleifera. The identification of TIF3H1 as the reliable reference gene guarantees more accurate qRT-PCR quantification for the study of the SI of C. oleifera, laying a foundation for identifying determinants of SI and exploring its molecular mechanism.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE,2023年14:1328990 ISSN：1664-462X
作者机构：
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, United States;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China;School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, China
摘要：
Camellia oleifera genome is very complex. One article reviewed the "Genomic and genetic advances of oiltea-camellia (Camellia oleifera)" (Ye et al. 2023). The report summarized the recent assembly of the reference genomes and identified putative genes related to economic traits, disease resistance and environmental stress tolerances. To explore the genetic diversity of wild C. oleifera phenotypic traits, another article reported "Characterization and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic characters in wild Camellia oleifera germplasm for conservation and breeding" (Chen et al. 2023). They used 143 wild C. oleifera germplasm resources and identified 41 characters based on the quantization of physical and chemical descriptors and digital image analysis.The number of flower buds is a main factor affecting the crop yield. One investigation studied "Co-regulatory effects of hormone and mRNA-miRNA module on flower bud formation of Camellia oleifera" (Du et al. 2023). The results showed that GA3, ABA, tZ, JA, and SA contents in the buds were higher than those in the fruit and that differentially expressed genes were notably enriched in hormone signal transduction and the circadian system.Camellia oleifera oil quality is mainly determined by linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) content. One study reported "Enhancing the accumulation of linoleic acid and αlinolenic acid through the pre-harvest ethylene treatment in Camellia oleifera" (Li et al. 2023a). The study confirms ...
摘要：
Camellia oleifera Abel. (C. oleifera), one of the four woody oil-producing plants in the world produces edible oils with high percentage of unsaturated fatty acid content in seeds. The mature C. oleifera seeds continue to undergo a series of physiological changes after harvest. To this end, the dynamic changes in nutrients, oil content, fatty acid composition, and endogenous hormone content in C. oleifera seeds under different natural drying times after harvest were investigated. The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein of C. oleifera seeds increased with the extension of natural drying, especially soluble sugar content increased nearly 2-fold at 30 d after post-harvest natural drying compared with that of the control group. The content of oil reached a peak (23.6%) at 30 d after post-harvest natural drying. During the post-harvest natural drying process, the relative content of palmitic acid and oleic acid increased, while the relative content of palmitic acid and linoleic acid decreased. Furthermore, the levels of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid) increased significantly with increasing natural drying time. The overall trend of endogenous hormones SA, SL, and ACC concentrations increased with the post-harvest natural drying process. Furthermore, the concentration of SA, SL, and ACC were positively correlated with oil content. Altogether, post-harvest natural drying for 30 days significantly promoted the anabolism of oil and improved the quality of C. oleifera seeds. These findings provide a scientific basis for reasonable post-harvest treatment to improve Camellia oil yield.
通讯机构：
[Wenfang Gong; Deyi Yuan] K;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
摘要：
Seed is a major storage organ that determines the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a signaling molecule involved in plant growth and development. However, the role of MeJA in the development of C. oleifera seeds remains a mystery. This study demonstrated that the larger seeds induced by MeJA resulted from more cell numbers and a larger cell area in the outer seed coat and embryo at the cellular level. At the molecular level, MeJA could regulate the expression of factors in the known signaling pathways of seed size control as well as cell proliferation and expansion, resulting in larger seeds. Furthermore, the accumulation of oil and unsaturated fatty acids due to MeJA-inducement was attributed to the increased expression of fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes but reduced expression of fatty acid degradation-related genes. CoMYC2, a key regulator in jasmonate signaling, was considered a potential hub regulator which directly interacted with three hub genes (CoCDKB2-3, CoCYCB2-3, and CoXTH9) related to the seed size and two hub genes (CoACC1 and CoFAD2-3) related to oil accumulation and fatty acid biosynthesis by binding to their promoters. These findings provide an excellent target for the improvement of the yield and quality in C. oleifera.
作者机构：
[Hou, Jinbo; Yuan, Deyi] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan] Van Lang Univ, Sch Engn & Technol, Emerging Mat Energy & Environm Applicat Res Grp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.;[Sindhu, Raveendran] T K M Inst Technol, Dept Food Technol, Kollam 691505, Kerala, India.;[Vinayak, Vandana] Dr Harisingh Gour Cent Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Diatom Nano Engn & Metab Lab DNM, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.;[Thanh, Nguyen Chi] Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol & Educ, Fac Appl Sci, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.
通讯机构：
[Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi; Deyi Yuan] S;Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: pugal.
摘要：
In a desperate attempt to find organic alternatives to synthetic fertilizers, agricultural scientists are increasingly using biochar as a soil amendment. Using chemical fertilizers results in enormous financial burdens and chronic health problems for plants and soils. Global concerns have also increased over the prolonged consumption of foods grown with artificial fertilizers and growth promotors. This adversely affects the environment and the welfare of humans, animals, and other living organisms. This way, organic biofertilizers have established a sustainable farming system. In such a context, biochar is gaining much attention among scientists as it may improve the overall performance of plants; in particular, crops have been optimistically cultivated with the addition of various sources. Field experiments have been conducted with multiple plant-based biochars and animal manure-based biochar. Plants receive different essential nutrients from biochar due to their physicochemical properties. Despite extensive research on biochar's effects on plant growth, yield, and development, it is still unknown how biochar promotes such benefits. Plant performance is affected by many factors in response to biochar amendment, but biochar's effect on nutrient uptake is not widely investigated. We attempted this review by examining how biochar affects nutrient uptake in various crop plants based on its amendment, nutrient composition, and physicochemical and biological properties. A greater understanding and optimization of biochar-plant nutrient interactions will be possible due to this study.
摘要：
Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil species in China. Its seed oil has been widely used as a cooking oil. Seed size is a crucial factor influencing the yield of seed oil. In this study, the horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and volume of C. oleifera seeds showed a rapid growth tendency from 235 days after pollination (DAP) to 258 DAP but had a slight increase at seed maturity. During seed development, the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and expansion differ greatly. Auxin plays an important role in C. oleifera seeds; YUC4 and IAA17 were significantly downregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis screened 21 hub transcription factors for C. oleifera seed horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and volume. Among them, SPL4 was significantly decreased and associated with all these three traits, while ABI4 and YAB1 were significantly increased and associated with horizontal diameter of C. oleifera seeds. Additionally, KLU significantly decreased (2040-fold). Collectively, our data advances the knowledge of factors related to seed size and provides a theoretical basis for improving the yield of C. oleifera seeds.
作者机构：
[Hou, Jinbo; Yuan, Deyi] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan] Van Lang Univ, Sch Engn & Technol, Emerging Mat Energy & Environm Applicat Res Grp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.;[Phuong, Tran Nhat] Van Lang Univ, Fac Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.;[Thanh, Nguyen Chi] Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol & Educ, Fac Appl Sci, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.;[Brindhadevi, Kathirvel] Saveetha Univ, Saveetha Inst Med & Tech Sci, Saveetha Dent Coll, Ctr Transdisciplinary Res CFTR,Dept Pharmacol, Chennai, India.
通讯机构：
[Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi; Deyi Yuan] S;School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
通讯机构：
[Wenfang Gong; Deyi Yuan] K;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
摘要：
Flavonoids, the effective material basis for the anti-thrombotic, anti-myocardial ischemia, and anti-dementia drug system framework, are one class of the main bioactive compounds in tea-oil Camellia. However, the molecular mechanism of the transcription regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in tea-oil Camellia has not been fully investigated. Camellia lanceoleosa (C. lanceoleosa) is a diploid species of section Oleifera with genomic information, which has high value in scientific research and application. To comprehend the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. lanceoleosa, five different tissues (roots, stems, leaves, flower buds, and seeds) were used to perform an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome. Overall, 1,437 metabolites were identified and quantified, among which 488 common metabolites and 92 tissue-specific metabolites were detected in different tissues of C. lanceoleosa. Notably, the most abundant metabolite class was the flavonoids in the detected tissues of C. lanceoleosa. Furthermore, the differential metabolites and genes were also mainly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 145 differentially accumulated flavonoids and 65 differentially expressed structural genes were found within the biosynthesis of flavonoid in C. lanceoleosa. The expression patterns of most genes were consistent with the flavonoid accumulation patterns in the corresponding pathways. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, five gene modules and several candidate hub genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were investigated in different tissues of C. lanceoleosa, these genes included differentially expressed structural genes (PAL, CHS, DFR, and ANR) and transcription factors (bHLHs, MYBs, WRKYs, NACs, and SPL6). These results provide useful genetic resources for studying the molecular insights into the regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. lanceoleos.
摘要：
The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) controls floral organ abscission in plants. IDA belongs to IDA-LIKE (IDL) gene family that is involved in regulation of Arabidopsis development. Herein, we identified three genes, CoIDA1, CoIDA2 and CoIDA3 in Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel. cv. Huashuo) and suggested their involvement in the regulation of fruits abscission. The full-length cDNA sequences of CoIDA1, CoIDA2 and CoIDA3 were of 207 bp, 276 bp and 273 bp, encoding proteins of 68, 91 and 90 amino acids, respectively. These CoIDA genes were single exon genes (SEGs) with a conserved extended PIP motif (EPIP) at C-terminal that has been implicated to play an important role in governing protein function for enhanced flower abortion rate. The highest expression of CoIDA1 was in young peduncles and the lowest in young fruits. However, the highest expressions of CoIDA2 and CoIDA3 were both in young roots, and the lowest in young fruits. The expressions of CoIDA1 and CoIDA2 significantly increased in abscission zones (AZs) of both abnormal fruits (AF) and ethephon treated fruits (ETH-F) with respect to normal fruits (NF), which suggest that CoIDA1 and CoIDA2 genes are related to fruits abscission in C. oleifera. This study provided a preliminary understanding about CoIDA genes which could lead to their detailed functional analysis and utilization for improving C. oleifera yield potential.
关键词：
fruit abscission;Camellia oleifera;ethylene;CoACO genes
摘要：
Immature fruit abscission is a key limiting factor in Camellia oleifera Abel. (C. oleifera) yield. Ethylene is considered to be an important phytohormone in regulating fruit abscission. However, the molecular mechanism of ethylene in regulating fruit abscission in C. oleifera has not yet been studied. Here, we found that the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content was significantly increased in the abscission zones (AZs) of abnormal fruits (AF) which were about to abscise when compared with normal fruits (NF) in C. oleifera 'Huashuo'. Furthermore, exogenous ethephon treatment stimulated fruit abscission. The cumulative rates of fruit abscission in ethephon-treated fruits (ETH-F) on the 4th (35.0%), 8th (48.7%) and 16th (57.7%) days after treatment (DAT) were significantly higher than the control. The ACC content and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) activity in AZs of ETH-F were also significantly increased when compared with NF on the 4th and 8th DAT. CoACO1 and CoACO2 were isolated in C. oleifera for the first time. The expressions of CoACO1 and CoACO2 were considerably upregulated in AZs of AF and ETH-F. This study suggested that ethylene played an important role in immature fruit abscission of C. oleifera and the two CoACOs were the critical genes involved in ethylene's regulatory role.
作者机构：
[袁德义] College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;[尚忠海; 丁鑫; 孙萌] Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450008, China;[程建明] Henan Kalefu Horticulture Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450000, China;[沈植国] College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China, Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
通讯机构：
[SHANG, Z.] H;Henan Academy of ForestryChina
通讯机构：
[Zhiqiang Han] T;The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>The College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
摘要：
Camellia oleifera is believed to exhibit a complex intraspecific polyploidy phenomenon. Abnormal microsporogenesis can promote the formation of unreduced gametes in plants and lead to sexual polyploidy, so it is hypothesized that improper meiosis probably results in the formation of natural polyploidy in Camellia oleifera. In this study, based on the cytological observation of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs), we found natural 2n pollen for the first time in Camellia oleifera, which may lead to the formation of natural polyploids by sexual polyploidization. Additionally, abnormal cytological behaviour during meiosis, including univalent chromosomes, extraequatorial chromosomes, early segregation, laggard chromosomes, chromosome stickiness, asynchronous meiosis and deviant cytokinesis (monad, dyads, triads), was observed, which could be the cause of 2n pollen formation. Moreover, we confirmed a relationship among the length-width ratio of flower buds, stylet length and microsporogenesis. This result suggested that we can immediately determine the microsporogenesis stages by phenotypic characteristics, which may be applicable to breeding advanced germplasm in Camellia oleifera.
摘要：
Camellia oleifera Abel., belonging to the genus Camellia of Theaceae, has been widely used as a cooking oil, lubricant, and in cosmetics. Because of complicated polyploidization and large genomes, reference genome information is still lacking. Systematic characterization of gene models based on transcriptome data is a fast and economical approach for C. oleifera. Pacific Biosciences single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and Illumina RNA-Seq combined with gas chromatography were performed for exploration of oil biosynthesis, accumulation, and comprehensive transcriptome analysis in C. oleifera seeds at five different developmental stages. We report the first full-length transcriptome data set of C. oleifera seeds comprising 40,143 deredundant high-quality isoforms. Among these isoforms, 37,982 were functionally annotated, and 271 (2.43%) belonged to fatty acid metabolism. A total of 8,344 full-length unique transcript models were obtained, and 8,151 (97.69%) of them produced more than two isoforms, suggesting a high degree of transcriptome complexity in C. oleifera seeds. A total of 783 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified, among which the retained intron was the most abundant. We also obtained 1,910 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and found that AS events occurred in these lncRNAs. Potential transcript variants of genes involved in oil biosynthesis were also investigated. After performing weighted correlation network analysis, we found seven "gene modules" and hub genes for each module showing a significant association with oil content. The series test of clusters classified these modules into four significant profiles based on gene expression patterns. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that upregulated WRI1 interacted with 17 genes encoding the enzymes playing key roles in oil synthesis. MYB and ZIP transcriptional factors also showed significant interactions with key genes involved in oil synthesis. Collectively, our data advance the knowledge of RNA isoform diversity in seeds at different developmental stages and provide a rich resource for functional studies on oil synthesis in C. oleifera.
作者机构：
[李华威; 袁德义] College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;[王丽媛; 刁松锋; 韩卫娟; 买旖旎; 索玉静; 傅建敏; 孙鹏] Non-Timber Forest Research and Development Center, China Paulownia Research Center, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
摘要：
Genetic transformation of plants offers the possibility of functional characterization of individual genes and the improvement of plant traits. Development of novel transformation vectors is essential to improve plant genetic transformation technologies for various applications. Here, we present the development of a Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. The expression system contains two independent plasmid vector sets, the activator vector and the reporter vector, based on the concept of the GAL4/UAS trans-activation system. The activator vector expresses a modified GAL4 protein (GAL4-VP16) under the control of specific promoter. The GAL4-VP16 protein targets the UAS in the reporter vector and subsequently activates reporter gene expression. Both the activator and reporter vectors contain the Gateway recombination cassette, which can be rapidly and efficiently replaced by any specific promoter and reporter gene of interest, to facilitate gene cloning procedures. The efficiency of the activator-reporter expression system has been assessed using agroinfiltration mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable transgenic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The reporter genes were highly expressed with precise tissue-specific and subcellular localization. This Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system will be a useful tool for advancing plant gene engineering.
