摘要：
Stabilizing zinc anode is a systematic project for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), which needs to solve many problems such as dendrite growth, corrosion, hydrogen evolution, and other side reactions. It is urgent to develop a protective layer for zinc anode to solve these problems at one time. Based on the results of calculation, a hydrophobic multifunctional fluorinated carbon dots (F-CDs) protective layer with three kinds of zincophilic groups (-CO, -CHO and -F) was constructed on the Zn anode surface. As expected, these zincophilic groups on the F-CDs layer functioned as zincophilic sites to achieve uniform Zn deposition. Especially, the -F group could in-situ promote the formation of ZnF2 under the F-CDs layer and the ZnF2 layer is usually considered as a solid Zn2+ conductor layer to further even Zn deposition. Additionally, the experimental results also demonstrated that the F-CDs layer coupled with in-situ generated ZnF2 interlayer can not only tackle above issues in an integrated way, but also induce the deposition of Zn on the preferred (002) plane. Therefore, the Zn@F-CDs anode exhibits an ultra-long cycling life over 3500 h at 1 mA cm–2, together with an excellent average coulombic efficiency (99.32% for over 1100 h) in half cells.
期刊：
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024年258(Pt 2):128975 ISSN：0141-8130
通讯作者：
Yang, Xi;Li, XJ
作者机构：
[Fan, Shutong; Yang, Xi; Li, Xianjun; Yang, X; Li, XJ] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Xun] Wenzhou Univ Technol, Coll Architecture & Energy Engn, Wenzhou 325006, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, X; Li, XJ ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chinese fir;Flame retardant;Phytic acid;Thermal stability;Zinc phytate
摘要：
To be suitable for certain construction and furniture applications, wood must be treated with a flame retardant and impregnating flame retardants into the cellulose lumens of wood is an effective flame retardant method. Phytic acid, the main storage form of phosphorus in various plant tissues, is an inexpensive, and non-toxic biomaterial that shows potential applications as an environmentally friendly bio-based flame retardant. In this study, phytic acid and zinc phytate were used to impregnate delignified wood under vacuum and pressure, which greatly enhanced the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of Chinese fir, while still maintaining its original texture. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. The results showed that the total heat release (THR) of Chinese fir treated with zinc phytate decreased from 55.66MJ/m(2) to 5.90MJ/m(2), and a compact carbonized protective layer was quickly formed on the surface of Chinese fir after ignition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the char yield of Chinese fir treated by the flame retardant was 177.6% higher than that of untreated wood. This study provides an efficient, sustainable, and economical method to prepare Chinese fir with excellent flame retardancy and thermal insulation performance.
摘要：
Amidst the progressive depletion of non-renewable resources on a global scale, the expedited development of green and sustainable materials has become an imperative. Cellulose, a recognized environmentally friendly substance, presents itself as a solution owing to its low cost, abundant availability, facile degradability, and renewability. Its potential to gradually supplant petroleum resources, thereby yielding a diverse array of high value-added materials, is well acknowledged. Herein, we present an exploration of the utilization of cellulose as a precursor, rooted in its fundamental properties. Moreover, we undertake a comprehensive review of the preparation techniques and structural property characteristics exhibited by mainstream cellulose-based functional materials. These materials notably include cellulose spheres, cellulose hydrogels, cellulose aerogels, cellulose films, and cellulose-derived carbon materials. Following this extensive review, our article accentuates the strides made in the field of cellulose-based functional materials across diverse pertinent domains. These encompass materials essential for adsorption and separation purposes, biomedical devices, electrode capacitive applications, and the emerging landscape of smart electronic devices. Concluding our discourse, we address the challenges that lie ahead and outline the potential future prospects for the development of cellulose-based functional materials.
摘要：
Exploring new electrode structures and co-doped composite biomass material electrodes is considered to be an effective way of developing cheap, efficient carbon-based supercapacitors. A bamboo-based sandwich-structured matrix was prepared from thin bamboo veneer and bamboo fiber by pretreatment with H(3)PO(4) and Co(2+)-catalyzed graphitization. The pore structure was modulated by hydrothermal activation with NaOH and electrodeposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to obtain CNTs modified, Co/P co-doped sandwich-structured woodceramics electrode (CNT@Co/P). It not only has an obvious sandwich structure, but also retains the natural structural characteristics of bamboo. The specific capacitance of the resulting electrode (CNT@Co/P-20) is as high as 453.72F/g using 1wt% of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNT) solution as the deposition electrolyte at a current density of 0.2 A/g for 20min at room temperature. When the power density is 500W/kg, the energy density reaches 21.3Wh /kg, showing a good electrochemical performance.
摘要：
In this study, without introducing any chemical cross-linking agent, a high-strength and stretchable gelatin-based conductive hydrogel was prepared by simple and efficient physical blending using the unique triple-helical cross-linking structure of gel and the hydrogel physical cross-linking network formed by the hydrogen bonding between MFC and gel molecules. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) was carried out to investigate interactions between MFC and gel, demonstrating that the hydrogel dimensional stability is mainly due to a mass of hydrogen bonds, which is formed by the polar groups (-OH) in MFC molecules and the polar groups (-OH, -NH2, and -C & boxH;O) in Gel molecules. The MFC, interestingly, can help to improve the dispersion of GR inside the hydrogel, which facilitates the formation of electron-conducting channels and facilitates electron transport, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity of the material; when the content of MFC is 6%, the conductivity of the hydrogel reaches the maximum value of 7.25 x 10(-3) S/m. The strain sensor developed based on the GR/MFC/Gel hydrogel has excellent sensitivity (GF = 2.77), outstanding response ability (response time is 0.2 s, and recovery time is 0.3 s), and excellent cycle stability and can be used as a smart wearable material for real-time monitoring of human motions such as finger, elbow, and wrist bending, as well as tiny facial expressions such as smiling, opening mouth, frowning, and blinking. In addition, it can be used as an electronic pen to recognize complex handwriting and convert mechanical signals of the human body into real-time electrical signals.
作者机构：
[Liu, Li; Xu, Jie; Liu, L; Cao, Jinming; Liu, Yangxi] Chongqing Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Chongqing Key Lab Green Catalysis Mat & Technol, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China.;[Bai, Yuanjuan] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Xinguo] Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, XH; Yang, Xiaohui] Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, XH ; Liu, L ] C;[Ma, XG ] H;Chongqing Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Chongqing Key Lab Green Catalysis Mat & Technol, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China.;Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Advancing the progress of sustainable and green energy technologies requires the improvement of valid electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Reconfiguring charge distribution through heteroatom doping-induced vacancy serves as an effective approach to implement high performance for HER catalysts. Here, we successfully fabricated Fe-doped CuS (FeCuS) with the sublayer sulfur vacancy to judge its HER performance and dissect the activity origins. Density functional theory calculation further elucidates that the primary factor contributing to the heightened HER activity is that the sublayer sulfur vacancies awaken the charge redistribution. In addition to effectively decreasing the energy barrier associated with the Volmer step, it modulates the adsorption/desorption capacity of H*. As a result, its intrinsic activity for the HER has significantly increased. Concretely, the obtained FeCuS displays an excellent catalytic performance, whose Tafel slope is only 59 mV dec(-1) and the overpotential (at 10 mA cm(-2)) is as low as 71 mV in an alkaline environment, surpassing the majority of previously documented catalysts in scientific literature. This work shows that the construction of sublayer sulfur vacancies by Fe doping can achieve the charge redistribution and precise tuning of electronic structure; thereby, the inert CuS can be transformed into highly efficient electrocatalysts.
摘要：
Bimetallic phosphides exhibit superior electrocatalytic activities and synergistic effects that make them ideal electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Herein, P, N-codoped carbon-encapsulated cobalt/nickel phosphides derived from NiCo-MOF-74 (NiCoP@PNC) and anchored on P-doped carbonized wood fiber (PCWF) for UOR were prepared through synchronous carbonization and phosphorization. By benefiting from the synergistic effect of structural and electronic modulation, NiCoP@PNC/PCWF exhibits excellent UOR electrocatalytic performance under alkaline conditions, achieving a current density of 50mAcm(-2) with a potential of only 1.34V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and continuous operation for more than 72h. In addition, for the overall urea splitting, an electrolyzer using UOR replaced OER, which required only 1.50V to achieve a current density of 50mAcm(-2) with excellent stability, 230mV less than that required for the HER||OER system. In-depth theoretical analysis further proves that the strong synergistic effect between Co and Ni optimizes electronic structures, yielding excellent UOR properties. The synergistic strategy of structural and electrical modulation provides broad prospects for the design and synthesis of excellent UOR electrocatalysts for energy-saving hydrogen production by using renewable resources.
作者机构：
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States;Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China;Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
通讯机构：
[Lin Zhang] C;College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Woody Biomass Conversion, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
摘要：
The cost-effective and low-carbon fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass will enhance the economic viability of bio-refining. To achieve efficient reed fractionation under favorable conditions, microwave-assisted choline chloride and p-toluene sulfonic acid (M-ChCl/p-TsOH) pretreatment was employed. The fractionation of reed components demonstrated higher effectiveness with M-ChCl/p-TsOH pretreatment compared to conventional DES pretreatment. Under M-ChCl/p-TsOH conditions, a high hemicellulose removal rate (∼90%) and delignification rate (∼65%) were achieved while achieving a saccharification rate of 88% during cellulase hydrolysis. Microwave assistance not only significantly reduced reaction time to less than 60 s but also enhanced the pretreatment efficacy. Furthermore, the obtained lignin products consisted of low-polymerization lignin (MW < 800 g/mol) and acid-soluble lignin, providing a solid foundation for subsequent high-value utilization of lignin. This study provides a promising strategy for the low carbon fractionation of reed using DES, aiming to simultaneously achieve efficient cellulose hydrolysis and obtain tractable lignin.
摘要：
Two-dimensional MoSe2 is a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery anodes. However, its conductivity and lithium storage volumetric effect still need to be optimized. In this work, W-doped MoSe2/rGO paper-like microspheres are successfully prepared through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, achieving optimization at both the microstructure and mesostructure to enhance the lithium storage performance of the material. Firstly, by utilizing the similar two-dimensional structure between MoSe2 and rGO, self-assembly is achieved through spray pyrolysis, resulting in a well-defined van der Waals heterostructure at the interface on the microscale, enhancing the electron and ion transfer capability of the composite. Secondly, the mesoscale paper-like microsphere morphology provides additional volume expansion buffering space. Moreover, W-doping not only increases the interlayer spacing of MoSe2 (0.73 nm), thereby reducing the diffusion resistance of Li+, but also allow for the modulation of the energy band structure of the material. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that W-doped MoSe2/rGO exhibits the narrowest bandgap (0.892 eV). Therefore, the composite demonstrates excellent lithium storage performance, maintaining a specific capacity of 732.9 mAh center dot g(-1) after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A center dot g(-1).
摘要：
A novel cellulose nanofibril/titanate nanofiber modified with CdS quantum dots hydrogel (CTH) was synthesized as an effective, stable, and recyclable photocatalytic adsorbent using cellulose nanofibril (CN), titanate nanofiber (TN), and CdS quantum dots. Within the CTH structure, CN formed an essential framework, creating a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure that enhanced the specific surface area and provided abundant adsorption sites for Cr(VI). Simultaneously, TN modified with CdS quantum dots (TN-CdS) served as a nanoscale Z-type photocatalyst, facilitating the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes, further increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. The morphological, chemical, and optical properties of CTH were thoroughly characterized. The CTH demonstrated the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 373.3±14.2mg/g, which was 3.4 times higher than that of CN hydrogel. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reduction rate constant of the CTH was 0.0586±0.0038min(-1), which was 6.4 times higher than that of TN-CdS. Notably, CTH displayed outstanding stability, maintaining 84.9% of its initial removal efficiency even after undergoing five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The remarkable performance of CTH in Cr(VI) removal was attributed to its 3D porous structure, comprising CN and TN-CdS. These findings provide novel insights into developing a stable photocatalytic adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
期刊：
Industrial Crops and Products,2024年210:118162 ISSN：0926-6690
通讯作者：
Guo, X;Wu, YQ
作者机构：
[Ma, Qiang; Zhang, Xuefeng; Guo, Xin; Qi, Xinmiao; Liu, Meng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Yizheng] Hunan Inst Engn, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Environm Catalysis & Waste Recy, Xiangtan 411104, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yiqiang; Zuo, Yingfeng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Xiangjing] Hunan Inst Engn, Coll Text & Clothing, Xiangtan 411104, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, YQ ; Guo, X ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Wood;Carbon dots;Adsorption;Pb(II)
摘要：
For the high -value utilization of wood, a novel non-cytotoxic bifunctional wood (NBW) was synthesized in this study for simultaneous adsorption and detection of Pb(II). Adsorption experiments showcased the remarkable maximum adsorption capacity of NBW, measuring 211.6 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, and concurrently, adsorption kinetics adhered to the pseudo -second -order model. Critically, NBW exhibited exceptional reusability, maintaining 81.0% of its initial adsorption capacity even after undergoing six consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Additionally, it demonstrated notable temporal stability, preserving more than 84.2% of its initial adsorption capacity after a fifteen-week storage period. Furthermore, NBW was used for selective and sensitive detection of Pb(II), yielding a low limit of detection of 0.13 mu g/L. The fluorescence quenching of NBW resulted from both the internal filtering effect and dynamic quenching. Importantly, the cost analysis demonstrated that the expense of removing Pb(II) per gram using NBW was only CNY 0.50, significantly lower than the cost associated with activated carbon, totaling CNY 2.11. This study lays the groundwork for the development of a long -term stable, reusable, cost-effective, and multifunctional adsorbent.
摘要：
As an essential trace element for plant growth and development, manganese plays a crucial role in the uptake of the heavy metal cadmium by rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we developed a novel slow-release manganese fertilizer named Mn@LNS-EL. Initially, lignin nanoparticles were derived from sodium lignosulfonate, and a one-step emulsification strategy was employed to prepare a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) Pickering double emulsions. These double emulsions served as the template for interfacial polymerization of lignin nanoparticles and epichlorohydrin, resulting in the formation of microcapsule wall materials. Subsequently, manganese fertilizer (MnSO(4)) was successfully encapsulated within the microcapsules. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Mn@LNS-EL on rice growth and the cadmium and manganese contents in the roots and shoots of rice under cadmium stress conditions. The results revealed that the treatment with Mn@LNS-EL markedly alleviated the inhibitory effects of cadmium on rice growth, leading to notably lower cadmium levels in the rice roots and shoots compared to the specimens treated without manganese fertilizer. Specifically, there was a reduction of 37.9% in the root cadmium content and a 17.1% decrease in the shoot cadmium content. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative approach for the high-value utilization of lignin through effective encapsulation and slow-release mechanisms of trace-element fertilizers while offering a promising strategy for efficiently remediating cadmium pollution in rice.
摘要：
Removal of suspended solids (SS) is a prerequisite for delivering clean water. However, removal of ultrafine SS during water purification in a cost-effective manner remains a global challenge. Here we develop an injection-driven filter system that integrates a fully bio-based biodegradable nanofibre hydrogel film with a syringe to remove ultrafine SS for portable and sustainable water purification. The hydrogel film features a densely stacked and entangled nanofibre network, enabling it to reject ultrafine SS with a cut-off size of similar to 10 nm at a similar to 100% rejection efficiency, greatly surpassing commercial filter papers and microporous membranes. During operation, the flux of the injection-driven filter system reaches 90.6 g cm-2 h-1, which is 7.2 times higher than that of commercial polycarbonate ultrafiltration membrane operated under the same conditions. Moreover, this filter system demonstrates good scalability and reusability, with low cost and reduced environmental footprint. The versatility of this filter system is further proven by successful clean water production from various difficult-to-purify water resources, including muddy water, river water, dirty water from melted snow and nanoplastic-contaminated water. Overall, this work provides a facile yet cost-effective tool for sustainable water purification. Removal of ultrafine suspended solids from contaminated water in a cost-effective manner remains a global challenge. Here the authors develop an injection-driven filter system that is based on a fully bio-based biodegradable nanofibre hydrogel film to achieve such a goal.
摘要：
Graphene, as a highly promising electrode material, has garnered significant attentions due to its remarkable properties. Nevertheless, challenges persist in its commercial application in the field of energy storage and conversion, including easy stacking, inert surface and limited yield. Rational regulation of the morphology, structure and composition of graphene is demonstrated as an effective way to conquer these challenges. Herein, we adopt a facile spray pyrolysis method to achieve large-scale synthesis of 3D crumpled N, O co-doped graphene nanosheets (NO-GNs). By comprehensive characterization and analysis, it is witnessed that our prepared NO-GNs possess unique 3D crumpled morphology as well as abundant structure defects, and achieve successful co-doping of N and O atoms. These optimized morphology, structure and composition effectively increase the specific surface area and substantially enhance the hydrophilicity and reactive activity of NO-GNs, thus leading to markedly improved electrochemical performance towards supercapacitor and oxygen reduction reaction. Evidently, the preparation of NO-GNs not only offers a promising material for advanced energy storage and conversion systems, but also presents a novel but versatile strategy for manufacturing high-performance carbon-based electrodes.
摘要：
Direct synthesis of butadiene (BD) from aqueous ethanol is a promising route, but the development of novel supports and the yield of BD still confronts significant challenges. Herein, we report the green and rapid synthesis method of hierarchical nano-sized pure Si-Beta zeolite, which drastically reduces the crystallization time and avoids the use of HF as well as the generation of large amounts of wastewater compared to the conventional pure Si-Beta zeolite synthesis. Meanwhile, the synthesized hierarchical nano-sized pure Si-Beta zeolite supported with Zn and Y achieved more than 60 % for BD selectivity and ethanol conversion of 98 % at 350 degrees C and 0.57 h-1. The hierarchical nano-sized structure of ZnY/Si-Beta effectively promoted synergistic effect of Zn and Y species and modified the acid-base properties to maximize the production of BD from aqueous ethanol. More importantly, the catalytic performance was superior to that of the reported commercial pure Si-Beta catalytic system.
作者机构：
[Wang, HQ; Wang, Hanqing; Ruan, Jianwen] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ruan, Jianwen] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Ocean Engn & Energy, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jinping; Zhao, JP; Wang, Hanqing; Wang, HQ] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jinping; Zhao, JP; Wang, Hanqing; Wang, HQ] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Full Life cycle Energy efficien, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dan] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, HQ ; Zhao, JP ; Wang, HQ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Res Ctr Full Life cycle Energy efficien, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Food freezing;Magnetic field assistance;Freezing curve;Ice crystal;Shelf life;Low-temperature preservation
摘要：
Freezing is a widely used technology for food processing that not only lowers the temperature of food below its freezing point but also inhibits microbial activity and slows down biochemical reactions to enable long-term preservation. However, the freeze thawing cycle can cause various chemical and physical damages to food, which are the main influencing mechanisms of low-temperature preservation. The size of ice crystals determines the degree of physical damage to cells, which has a significant impact on the freezing quality. Magnetic field (MF) treatment is a physical method that has been found to be milder, more effective, and have no obvious side effects compared to chemical treatments. Numerous studies have reported that MF promotes the cold storage of food, prolongs shelf life, inhibits ice crystal nucleation, increases supercooling, accelerates freezing speed, and reduces ice crystal sizes significantly. However, the role of MF in ice nuclei formation is still unresolved, and there are inconsistencies in research results and a lack of clear understanding of its potential mechanism. This paper aims to introduce the influence of MF on the formation and growth of ice crystals, summarize freezing curves on water and salt solutions, and analyze MF applications from two aspects: the thermodynamic mechanism and molecular dynamics point of view for freezing processes. Additionally, it discusses the problems encountered in recent researches and presents future development trends. The conclusion can be drawn that MF demonstrates great application potential in the field of freezing processes and food quality attribute evaluation. However, many questions remain with little consensus in the literature regarding their roles, and the mechanism of action is not unified. The application of MF in food freezing processes is still challenging. This paper hopes to provide guidance for future work on food freezing and contribute to the advancement of this field.
期刊：
Energy Storage Materials,2024年67:103288 ISSN：2405-8297
通讯作者：
Liming Yang<&wdkj&>Liang Chen<&wdkj&>Xubiao Luo
作者机构：
[Haoxuan Yu; Kechun Chen; Liming Yang; Meiting Huang; Zhihao Wang] National–Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;[Hui Lv] School of Civil Engineering and Anhitecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;[Chenxi Xu] College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;[Liang Chen] Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon–based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
通讯机构：
[Liming Yang; Xubiao Luo] N;[Liang Chen] K;National–Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China<&wdkj&>National–Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China<&wdkj&>School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon–based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
摘要：
With the sudden increase in the number of retired power batteries, there is great pressure to develop environmentally–friendly and efficient recycling technologies. The pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct regeneration methods are all designed to recycle the spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) back into the same battery industry as the original, which is undoubtedly somewhat self–limiting. In fact, the abundant transition metals and carbon–based materials in spent LIBs can serve as an important source of catalysts, adsorbents, new energy storage electrodes, and among others. To date, a lot of researches on the non–closed–loop recycle of spent LIBs have been reported. However, due to the high divergence and lack of segregation, it is difficult for us to grasp the status and prospects of the research on battery recycling beyond traditional closed–loop recycle. Herein, to fill the gap of this area, we systematically introduce the research examples of non–closed–loop recycling of spent LIBs by comparing and evaluating the craftsmanship and the product performance from the industrial perspective of two different recycling modes. Additionally, we briefly summarize the challenges associated with non–closed–loop recycling at a macro level, along with the exceptional prospects for subsequent high–value applications.
关键词：
Bamboo fiber and parenchyma;Degradation correlation;LCC esters;Pretreatment
摘要：
The degradation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) esters has been proven to be crucial for the selective separation of lignocellulosic components. This study utilized Raman microspectroscopy to image the preferential degradation of lignin and LCC esters from the bamboo wall during successive NaOH (0.2 to 5.0% w/w), H(2)SO(4) (1 to 8%v/v), and NaClO(2) (5 to 20min) treatments. Raman imaging showed that lignin and LCC esters were selectively removed from the middle lamella of fibers and the secondary wall of parenchyma during NaOH and NaClO(2) treatments. In contrast, H(2)SO(4) primarily caused the simultaneous removal of lignin and LCC esters from the fiber wall under harsh conditions (8%), while the middle lamella of parenchyma was less affected, both morphologically and topochemically. Raman spectral analysis indicated that the band intensity at 1605cm(-1) for lignin and at 1173cm(-1) for LCC esters decreased by >87.0% in the highly lignified parenchyma secondary wall after a 5.0% NaOH treatment, while the decrease was <67% in the fiber wall. Interestingly, a strong linear correlation was observed between LCC esters and carbohydrates in the parenchyma (R(2)>0.912). These findings provide important insights into the graded and classified utilization of bamboo resources.
