作者机构：
[Zhao, Dongwei; Zhao, DW] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Dept Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Guiliang] Hekou Adm Branch Dawei Mt Natl Nat Reserve, Hekou 661399, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Shixiong] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, CAS Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, DW ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Dept Forestry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Conservation;extremely small population;purine alkaloids;taxonomy
摘要：
Camellia harbors unique diversity along Sino-Vietnamese border. Some species of them are under threat due to human activity. Camellia hekouensis , a native of Hekou, Yunnan, China, was once considered extinct as the previously known “last living tree” died in 2024. Fortunately, 11 in-situ and 32 ex-situ trees have been protected and propagated by the staff of Hekou Administration Branch of Dawei Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan with their great unpublicized efforts. Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. hekouensis is nested in the main clade CI of Camellia and forms a clade with C. corallina , C. gracilipes and C. pubicosta , which are generally distributed in Vietnam. Morphological characters of the capsule and seed of C. hekouensis are supplementally described. The leaves of C. hekouensis contain 1.18 mg/g theobromine, which disagrees with the previous chemotaxonomic claim. Though the economic and ecological values are little known for C. hekouensis , the species should be conserved and propagated effectively and promptly to prevent extinction.
Camellia harbors unique diversity along Sino-Vietnamese border. Some species of them are under threat due to human activity. Camellia hekouensis , a native of Hekou, Yunnan, China, was once considered extinct as the previously known “last living tree” died in 2024. Fortunately, 11 in-situ and 32 ex-situ trees have been protected and propagated by the staff of Hekou Administration Branch of Dawei Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan with their great unpublicized efforts. Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. hekouensis is nested in the main clade CI of Camellia and forms a clade with C. corallina , C. gracilipes and C. pubicosta , which are generally distributed in Vietnam. Morphological characters of the capsule and seed of C. hekouensis are supplementally described. The leaves of C. hekouensis contain 1.18 mg/g theobromine, which disagrees with the previous chemotaxonomic claim. Though the economic and ecological values are little known for C. hekouensis , the species should be conserved and propagated effectively and promptly to prevent extinction.
摘要：
Tung oil obtained from tung tree ( Vernicia fordii ) seeds is highly valued for its high unsaturation due to α-eleostearic acid. Tung tree can accumulate oil even during late-stage seed maturation under cold waves. Understanding unsaturated fatty acid formation in tung tree under low temperatures is crucial. Previous research identified three types of fatty acid desaturases in plants, but their roles in tung tree remain unclear. Our study shows that VfSCD , a stearoyl-CoA desaturase in tung tree, increases oil content and enhances cold tolerance by promoting unsaturated fatty acid accumulation. VfSCD is highly expressed in leaves and developing seeds, correlating with increased oil and unsaturated fatty acids. Localization studies reveal VfSCD in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous overexpression of VfSCD in E. coli , yeast, and tobacco increases oil content by raising unsaturated fatty acids while reducing saturated ones. Knockdown of VfSCD decreases oil content due to reduced unsaturated fatty acids. Overexpression of VfSCD also improves tobacco's cold tolerance, similar to wild-type plants under low temperatures. In summary, we propose that, in addition to the stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) pathway in plastids, a distinct pathway regulated by VfSCD in endoplasmic reticulum of tung tree enhances cold tolerance by increasing unsaturated fatty acid contents.
Tung oil obtained from tung tree ( Vernicia fordii ) seeds is highly valued for its high unsaturation due to α-eleostearic acid. Tung tree can accumulate oil even during late-stage seed maturation under cold waves. Understanding unsaturated fatty acid formation in tung tree under low temperatures is crucial. Previous research identified three types of fatty acid desaturases in plants, but their roles in tung tree remain unclear. Our study shows that VfSCD , a stearoyl-CoA desaturase in tung tree, increases oil content and enhances cold tolerance by promoting unsaturated fatty acid accumulation. VfSCD is highly expressed in leaves and developing seeds, correlating with increased oil and unsaturated fatty acids. Localization studies reveal VfSCD in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous overexpression of VfSCD in E. coli , yeast, and tobacco increases oil content by raising unsaturated fatty acids while reducing saturated ones. Knockdown of VfSCD decreases oil content due to reduced unsaturated fatty acids. Overexpression of VfSCD also improves tobacco's cold tolerance, similar to wild-type plants under low temperatures. In summary, we propose that, in addition to the stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) pathway in plastids, a distinct pathway regulated by VfSCD in endoplasmic reticulum of tung tree enhances cold tolerance by increasing unsaturated fatty acid contents.
作者：
Xiaofeng Guo;Han Wang;Bin Zhao;Zhijin Fan*;He Li
期刊：
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2025年:106668 ISSN：0048-3575
通讯作者：
Zhijin Fan
作者机构：
College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China;State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China;Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
通讯机构：
[Zhijin Fan] S;State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China<&wdkj&>Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
摘要：
Thiazole derivatives possess broad spectrum of biological activities, but only a few thiazole derivatives are developed as commercial fungicides compared to pyrazole and pyridine. In this study, we designed and synthesized 48 novel 2-phenyl thiazole derivatives to evaluate their potential as new fungicides. The results showed that compound 10c displayed excellent in vitro fungicidal activity as compared with positive control thifluzamide against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia cerealis with corresponding EC 50 value of 4.90 vs 4.35, 7.57 vs 10.35 and 7.84 vs 22.12 mg/L, respectively. In addition, compounds 10c exhibited over 80 % of in vivo activity against S. sclerotiorum but lower than thifluzamide (over 90 %) at 10 mg/L. Compound 10c was discovered as novel fungicide leads deserving for further study. The preliminary mode of action study by RNA sequencing indicated that 10c affected the fungi growth by chitin synthase related metabolic reactions.
Thiazole derivatives possess broad spectrum of biological activities, but only a few thiazole derivatives are developed as commercial fungicides compared to pyrazole and pyridine. In this study, we designed and synthesized 48 novel 2-phenyl thiazole derivatives to evaluate their potential as new fungicides. The results showed that compound 10c displayed excellent in vitro fungicidal activity as compared with positive control thifluzamide against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia cerealis with corresponding EC 50 value of 4.90 vs 4.35, 7.57 vs 10.35 and 7.84 vs 22.12 mg/L, respectively. In addition, compounds 10c exhibited over 80 % of in vivo activity against S. sclerotiorum but lower than thifluzamide (over 90 %) at 10 mg/L. Compound 10c was discovered as novel fungicide leads deserving for further study. The preliminary mode of action study by RNA sequencing indicated that 10c affected the fungi growth by chitin synthase related metabolic reactions.
期刊：
Ecology and Evolution,2025年15(3):e71034 ISSN：2045-7758
通讯作者：
Xiao, HS
作者机构：
[He, Xuefeng; Xiao, Huashun; Zeng, Siqi; Long, Shisheng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, HS ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Forestry, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
basal area;canopy closure;maximum density line;self-regulatory;self-thinning
摘要：
The self-thinning rule in forest stands is fundamental to the development of density management strategies, as it determines the maximum stand density achievable for a given tree size. Accurate modeling of the maximum density line is crucial, but selecting representative data points for this purpose remains a challenge. Using 18 years of data from five Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with varying initial planting densities, this study investigated whether relationships between mean tree basal area (g) and height (H) can reveal forest developmental stages and identify when stands begin self-thinning and reach maximum density. Our results showed a significant linear relationship (p < 0.05) between g and H after self-thinning was established, supporting the presence of self-regulatory growth mechanisms. These findings enabled the development of a novel sample selection method for constructing more accurate maximum density line models, outperforming traditional methods that rely on arbitrary thresholds. Additionally, we derived formulas to describe total stand basal area (G (1.0)) during different growth stages, revealing positive correlations with mean height during early growth and negative correlations with mean diameter during self-thinning. This research advances the understanding of self-thinning dynamics and provides practical tools for improving density management in plantation forestry.
作者机构：
[Lu, Mengqi; Xiao, Zhun; Lu, Kaizheng; Zeng, Yanling; Wang, Jinfeng; Zhou, Junqin; Tan, Xiaofeng; Gu, Yiyang; Zeng, YL] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Cultivat & Protect Nonwood Forest Trees, Minist Educ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Zhun] Changsha Social Work Coll, Sch Foreign Languages, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Yanling; Tan, Xiaofeng; Zeng, YL] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Nonwood Forest Prod State Forestry Adm, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Mengqi; Xiao, Zhun; Lu, Kaizheng; Zeng, Yanling; Wang, Jinfeng; Zhou, Junqin; Tan, Xiaofeng; Gu, Yiyang; Zeng, YL] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Camellia Oil Tree Res Acad, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Mengqi] Hunan Acad Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tan, XF ; Zeng, YL] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Cultivat & Protect Nonwood Forest Trees, Minist Educ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Nonwood Forest Prod State Forestry Adm, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Camellia Oil Tree Res Acad, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Camellia Oleifera;Camellia lanceoleosa;Mitochondrial genome;De novo assembly;Phylogenetic analysis
摘要：
Camellia-oil trees are economically valuable, oil-rich species within the genus Camellia, family Theaceae. Among these species, C. oleifera, a member of Section Oleifera in the genus, is the most extensively cultivated in China. In this study, we assembled the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two Camellia species, namely C. oleifera and C. lanceoleosa. These two species are closely related and belong to the same genus and section, with C. oleifera being hexaploid and C. lanceoleosa being diploid. The mitogenome of C. oleifera is comprised of 1,039,838 base pairs (bp), and C. lanceoleosa is comprised of 934,155bp. Both genomes exhibit a multipartite genome structure, which is supported by our PCR experiments. We conducted codon usage and RNA editing site analysis on these two mitogenomes, which showed highly consistent results. However, analysis of repetitive sequences and mitochondrial plastid sequences (MTPTs) revealed differences between the two mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these two species clustered together, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. The collinearity analysis results showed extensive genome rearrangements in the mitogenomes of Camellia species. We successfully assembled the mitogenomes of C. oleifera and C. lanceoleosa, marking a significant advancement in understanding camellia-oil tree mitogenomes. Unlike circular mitogenomes reported before, our research confirms multiple-branched configurations in these two species. This sheds light on mitogenome structural complexities and contributes to our understanding of evolutionary processes. Additionally, these results enrich Camellia genetic resources and expand our knowledge of mitogenome variation.
摘要：
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in influencing the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby influencing soil multifunctionality. Researches on various fertilization practices for Phoebe bournei has primarily focused on microbial communities. However, the mechanism of functional potential of microbe in mediating the influence of K on soil multifunctionality remains insufficiently elucidated. Here, the experiment included five K additions (CK, 0 g; K1, 60 g; K2, 120 g; K3, 180 g; and K4, 240 g per plant) in P. bournei young plantations via 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology to investigate the impacts of K additions on rhizosphere soil bacterial community attributes, nutrient cycling genes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and soil multifunctionality. K additions decreased bacterial diversity, while enhancing the abundance of genes involved in C degradation, including those related to labile and recalcitrant C, as well as N cycling, P cycling, and soil multifunctionality. Comparatively, K1 and K2 additions had slight effects on soil multifunctionality, bacterial communities and the abundance of C, N and P cycling genes. PLS-PM results demonstrated that K additions improve soil multifunctionality indirectly by altering bacterial community structure and network complexity, as well as the functional potential linked to N and P cycling. Additionally, soil abiotic factors are the was the core predictor for maintaining soil multifunctionality. All in all, soil properties and bacterial functional attributes together drive soil multifunctionality in response to K additions. These findings highlight that adequate K fertilizer may maintain soil multifunctionality, and regulate nutrient cycling and bacterial functions in P. bournei young plantations.
摘要：
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has a distinct advantage over optical remote sensing due to its ability to map forest stock volume (FSV) relatively accurately in complex forests, while being less affected by weather conditions. However, significant discrepancies persist in the estimated FSV when comparing results derived from multiple dual-polarization SAR images acquired within a short time frame. This inconsistency severely limits the reliability and validity of FSV mapping. To investigate the influence of meteorological factors on FSV mapping accuracy, we collected 30 dual-polarization SAR images (Sentinel-1) throughout the year and simultaneously derived meteorological parameters [TMP, ground surface temperature (GST), GST005, SM005, SHU, and WIN] from real-time datasets provided by China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System. To quantitatively assess the interference caused by meteorological factors on features and FSV mapping accuracy, we propose a novel metric called the meteorological disturbance index (MDI). The results revealed a strong correlation (ranging from 0.56 to 0.65) between four meteorological factors (GST, GST005, TMP, and SHU) and the backscattering coefficient. Among the 30 images analyzed in this article, the coefficient of determination (R-2) for mapping FSV ranged between 0.03 and 0.34 due to variations in feature sensitivity. Additionally, temperature-related meteorological factors were found to positively influence feature sensitivity with lower temperatures amplifying this interference effect, whereas humidity-related factors exhibited contrasting effects on feature sensitivity levels. Furthermore, the application of MDI can help identify stable features during periods without available imagery, thereby offering significant potential for improving the accuracy and reliability of FSV mapping using SAR images.
摘要：
Grafting serves as a crucial propagation technique for superior Camellia oleifera varieties, where rootstock-scion compatibility significantly determines survival and growth performance. To systematically evaluate grafting compatibility in this economically important woody oil crop, we examined 15 rootstock-scion combinations using 'Xianglin 210' as the scion, assessing growth traits and conducting physiological assays (enzymatic activities of SOD and POD and levels of ROS and IAA) at multiple timepoints (0-32 days post-grafting). The results demonstrated that Comb. 4 (Xianglin 27 rootstock) exhibited superior compatibility, characterized by systemic antioxidant activation (peaking at 4-8 DPG), rapid auxin accumulation (4 DPG), and efficient sugar allocation. Transcriptome sequencing and WGCNA analysis identified 3781 differentially expressed genes, with notable enrichment in stress response pathways (Hsp70, DnaJ) and auxin biosynthesis (YUCCA), while also revealing key hub genes (FKBP19) associated with graft-healing efficiency. These findings establish that successful grafting in C. oleifera depends on coordinated rapid redox regulation, auxin-mediated cell proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming, with Comb. 4 emerging as the optimal rootstock choice. The identified molecular markers not only advance our understanding of grafting mechanisms in woody plants but also provide valuable targets for future breeding programs aimed at improving grafting success rates in this important oil crop.
通讯机构：
[Cui, LH ] X;[Liu, H ] C;Xiangxi Vocat & Tech Coll Nationalities, Xiangxi, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this investigation, we identified a novel mitovirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae strain HNCS-Cc7 and named it "Colletotrichum camelliae mitovirus 1" (CcMV1). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that CcMV1 has 2,650 nucleotides with an A + U content of 62%. The CcMV1 genome contains a single open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 756 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.67 kDa. Using a BLASTp search, the CcMV1-RdRp demonstrated the closest sequence similarity to Sclerotinia nivalis mitovirus 2 (61.55%), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 3 (62.03%), and Botrytis cinerea mitovirus 7 (61.60%). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CcMV1 is a new member of the genus Duamitovirus of the family Mitoviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus infecting C. camelliae.
摘要：
As an excellent variety of Camphora glanduliferum, Honganzhang has high essential oil content and can be used as industrial and pharmaceutical raw materials to extract essential oil, which has high development value. In this study, fresh branches and leaves of C. glanduliferum 'Honganzhang' were used as materials. After extracting C. glanduliferum 'Honganzhang' essential oils (CGHEO) by steam distillation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze its chemical components. On this basis, the antibacterial effect of CGHEO and its potential physiological mechanism were further explored. The results showed that the main components of CGHEO were Cineole (46.57%), alpha-terpineol (9.93%), Sabinene (8.02%), beta-terpinene (6.04%), and alpha-pinene (4.49%), these compounds can be used in medicine, food and other industries. In terms of antibacterial effect, CGHEO has significant antibacterial effects on three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). CGHEO can reduce Na+K+-ATPase activity and SDH activity and further interfere with the operation of the bacterial respiratory chain, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting bacterial reproduction. Based on the main chemical components contained in C. glanduliferum 'Honganzhang' and its remarkable antibacterial effect, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the wide application of C. glanduliferum 'Honganzhang' in multiple fields such as medicine, health care, food, and industry.
摘要：
This research presents DepMulti-Net, a novel rice disease and pest identification model, designed to overcome the challenges of complex background interference, difficult disease feature extraction, and large model parameter volume in rice leaf disease identification. Initially, a comprehensive rice disease dataset comprising 20,000 images was meticulously constructed, covering four common types of rice diseases: bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, brown spot, and tungro disease. To enhance data diversity, various data augmentation techniques were applied. Subsequently, a novel VGG-block module was introduced. By leveraging depth-separable convolution, the model's parameter quantity was significantly reduced. A multi-scale feature fusion module was also designed to effectively enhance the model's ability to extract disease features from complex backgrounds. Moreover, the integration of the feature reuse mechanism and inverse bottleneck structure further improved the model's recognition accuracy for fine-grained disease features. Experimental results show that the DepMulti-Net model has only 13.50M parameters and achieves an average accuracy of 98.56% in identifying the four types of rice diseases. This performance significantly outperforms existing rice leaf disease identification methods. In conclusion, this study offers an efficient and lightweight solution for crop disease identification, which holds great significance for promoting the development of smart agriculture.
作者机构：
[Chen, Xiang-Bi; Xu, Yi-Jun; Wang, Jun; Nie, San-An] College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Qiao, Hang; Chen, Xiang-Bi; Liu, Wan-Qing; Zhang, Xiao-Fang; Xu, Yi-Jun; Hu, Ya-Jun; Duan, Xun; Wang, Jun; Xie, Ling; Ma, Chong] Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;[Xie, Ling] College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;[Liu, Wan-Qing] College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;[Qiao, Hang; Duan, Xun; Ma, Chong] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
关键词：
active organic carbon;carbon pool management index （CMI）;climatic zone;farmland soil;land use type;permanganate oxidizable carbon （POXC）
摘要：
Climate and land use are important factors affecting the soil carbon pool and organic carbon influx. To explore the characteristics of active organic carbon content and carbon pool management index in farmland soils in typical climate zones, two types of farm land （dry land and paddy fields） and adjacent forest soils in four climate zones （temperate, warm temperate, subtropical, and tropical） in eastern China spanning north to south were selected for study. The permanganate oxidizable carbon （POXC） content in each climate zone was analyzed, and the soil lability of carbon （L）, soil lability index （LI）, carbon pool index （CPI）, and carbon pool management index （CMI） under each land use type were calculated. The following trends were observed across the three land use types： Soil POXC content was generally slightly higher in the north than in the south and consistently higher in paddy fields than in dry lands. L was significantly higher in warm-temperate regions than in the other three climatic regions. This suggests that soils in warm temperate regions （primarily fluvio-aquic soils） and paddy field soils have high organic carbon activity and soil carbon pool quality. However, measures to avoid soil organic carbon （SOC） loss during agricultural use must be crucially implemented. Paddy field soils exhibited higher CPI values than dry land soils across all four climatic regions. Specifically, the CPI of paddy fields was >1 in all regions, whereas dry lands had carbon pool indices of <1, except in the warm temperate region. This indicates that long-term paddy field cultivation enhanced organic carbon soil stocks, whereas long-term dry land farming reduced them compared with those in adjacent forested areas. Except for the subtropical dry lands, the average CMI for both types of farmland soil in all four climatic regions was >100. Furthermore, the index was higher in paddy fields than in adjacent dry lands and higher in the north than in the south, suggesting that long-term agricultural use can improve SOC quality, thereby promoting the conversion and supply of soil organic nutrients. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between POXC and SOC, total nitrogen, pH, and sand and significant negative correlations with clay, silt, mean annual temperature （MAT）, and mean annual precipitation （MAP）. CMI correlated positively with pH and sand and negatively with MAT and MAP. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the impacts of long-term agricultural use on soil carbon pool activity and soil quality in the typical climatic regions of eastern China. This can guide appropriate agronomic management practices aimed at enhancing carbon pool management.
摘要：
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), the integral components in the manufacture of digital displays, have engendered environmental concerns due to extensive utilization and intensive emission. Despite their prevalence and ecotoxicity, the LCM impacts on plant growth and agricultural yield remain inadequately understood. In this study, we investigated the specific response mechanisms of tobacco, a pivotal agricultural crop and model plant, to four representative LCMs (2OdF3B, 5CB, 4PiMeOP, 2BzoCP) through integrative molecular and physiological approaches. The findings reveal specific impacts, with 4PiMeOP exerting the most pronounced effects, followed by 2BzoCP, 5CB, and 2OdF3B. LCM exposure disrupts the photosynthetic apparatus, exacerbating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in leaves, which in turn triggers the upregulation of antioxidative enzymes and the synthesis of antioxidant substances. Additionally, LCMs strongly stimulate the expression of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling pathways. The AI-assisted meta-analysis implicates ABA as a critical regulator in the tobacco response to LCMs. Notably, exogenous application of ABA alleviates LCM-induced toxicities, highlighting the pivotal role of ABA in stress amelioration. Our study provides novel insights into the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of LCMs in plants, shedding light on both their harmful effects on the ecosystems and potential adaptation responses. This is crucial to develop sustainable agricultural systems by reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by emerging organic pollutants.
摘要：
Light pollution has become a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological health. With the increase of urbanization, protected areas such as national parks are increasingly affected by light pollution. Using the space-time cube model, the spatiotemporal patterns of light pollution and its correlation with multiple factors in five major national parks in China (Panda, Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Sanjiangyuan, and Wuyi Mountain) were analyzed from 1992 to 2021. The results show a significant upward trend in the light pollution indices across all five parks. The total nighttime lighting index (TNLI) experienced a 52.2-fold increase, while the mean nighttime lighting index (MNLI) rose by a factor of 1.1, the maximum nighttime lighting index (MANLI) by 0.6, and the total nighttime light area (TNLA) by 39-fold. Light pollution is influenced by park shape complexity and is mainly concentrated in boundary zones, window areas, settlements, and roads. The impact of building areas and human activities within and outside the 1 km buffer zone on light pollution levels is significant, especially outside the park. These findings provide critical references for light pollution control in national parks, emphasizing the need for differentiated management strategies, optimizing park boundary shapes, setting up external buffer zones, and controlling light pollution both within and outside the parks to effectively protect biodiversity and ecological health.
Light pollution has become a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological health. With the increase of urbanization, protected areas such as national parks are increasingly affected by light pollution. Using the space-time cube model, the spatiotemporal patterns of light pollution and its correlation with multiple factors in five major national parks in China (Panda, Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Sanjiangyuan, and Wuyi Mountain) were analyzed from 1992 to 2021. The results show a significant upward trend in the light pollution indices across all five parks. The total nighttime lighting index (TNLI) experienced a 52.2-fold increase, while the mean nighttime lighting index (MNLI) rose by a factor of 1.1, the maximum nighttime lighting index (MANLI) by 0.6, and the total nighttime light area (TNLA) by 39-fold. Light pollution is influenced by park shape complexity and is mainly concentrated in boundary zones, window areas, settlements, and roads. The impact of building areas and human activities within and outside the 1 km buffer zone on light pollution levels is significant, especially outside the park. These findings provide critical references for light pollution control in national parks, emphasizing the need for differentiated management strategies, optimizing park boundary shapes, setting up external buffer zones, and controlling light pollution both within and outside the parks to effectively protect biodiversity and ecological health.
通讯机构：
[Tang, T ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Forest Resources Man, Key Lab, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Muntiacus reevesi;suitability habitat;south china tiger;MaxEnt;climate change
摘要：
Climate change and human disturbance are critical factors affecting the habitat distribution of wild animals, with implications for management strategies such as protecting migration corridors, habitat restoration, and species conservation. In the Hupingshan National Nature Reserve (NNR), Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) is a key prey species for the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis), which is extinct in the wild and targeted for reintroduction by the Chinese government. Thus, understanding the habitat distribution and abundance of Reeve's muntjac is essential to ensure the survival and sustainability of reintroduced tiger populations. Despite significant conservation efforts, the impacts of climate change and human disturbance on Reeve's muntjac habitat distribution in Hupingshan NNR remain unclear, though these factors could necessitate adaptive tiger management strategies due to shifts in prey abundance. In this study, we employed an optimized MaxEnt model to assess current habitat distribution and identify key environmental variables influencing the habitat distribution of Reeve's muntjac. Assuming non-climatic environmental factors will remain constant over the next century, we projected future habitat distribution under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126 and SSP585) for the mid-century (2050s) and the late-century (2090s). Comparative analyses of current and projected habitat areas revealed potential impacts of climate change on this species. MaxEnt outputs classified habitat suitability into high, medium, and low levels. Results showed that climatic and human disturbance factors contributed 35.2% and 49.4% to habitat suitability, respectively. Under the SSP126 scenario, habitats with decreased suitability covered 0 km(2) in the 2050s, expanding slightly to 4.2 km(2) in the 2090s, while those with increased suitability spanned 491.1 km(2) (2050s) and 463.2 km(2) (2090s). Under the SSP585 scenario, habitats with decreased suitability covered 10.2 km(2) in the 2050s and 431.8 km(2) in the 2090s. Habitats with increased suitability were comparatively smaller under SSP585, covering 162.0 km(2) (2050s) and 1.1 km(2) (2090s). These findings suggest that while mid-century climate projections (SSP126 and SSP585) may support Reeve's muntjac's survival, habitat loss is projected by 2090s (SSP126). Thus, future climate change may lead to decreased habitat suitability and increased fragmentation, raising extinction risks for Reeves's muntjac. Mitigating these effects could involve establishing migration corridors, minimizing human disturbances, and potentially supplementing prey populations with captive-bred prey. Such measures are essential to support the South China tiger reintroduction plan and help ensure that prey availability remains sufficient for sustaining reintroduced tiger populations.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Camellia oleifera Abel. is one of the four major woody oil species whose seeds produce high-grade edible oil. In recent years, the planting area of Camellia oleifera is increasing in China. However, in the process of cultivation, due to the high fruit load, the Camellia oleifera tree has small fruit and poor quality. In previous studies, we explored the optimal leaf-fruit ratio. In this study, the changes of molecular regulation mechanism of Camellia oleifera under different leaf-fruit ratios were revealed by combining physiological indexes with transcriptome data. RESULT: The physiological results showed that the content of MDA and starch in leaves increased significantly with the decrease in the leaf-to-fruit ratio. The results of transcriptome showed that there was a close relationship between leaf-fruit ratio and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. With the decrease of leaf-fruit ratio, the expression of genes related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis increased significantly, which promoted the synthesis of lignin and flavonoid. CONCLUSIONS: Combining physiological indicators and transcriptomics, we demonstrated that leaf-fruit ratio can significantly affect the normal growth of plants. When the fruit load is too high, the fruit as a 'sink' will consume a large amount of nutrients in the plant body and promote the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids in the body. The results provide a more reliable scientific basis for the study of cultivation and management of Camellia oleifera.
摘要：
Strong fecundity is an important reason why the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has become one of the most serious pests of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Disrupting with courtship and mating behaviors has emerged as an important strategy for insect management. The fruitless (fru) gene encodes a transcription factor that contains a BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac) and a zinc finger pair related to the C2H2 class. It plays a crucial role in regulating insect courtship behavior. In this study, the fru gene of P. xylostella (Pxfru) was cloned, revealing 7 alternative splicing forms (Pxfru-1 to Pxfru-7). Pxfru-1 to Pxfru-3 were non-sex-specific transcripts, while the remaining forms were male-specific. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that the transcripts encoding proteins containing BTB and zinc finger domains (Pxfru-1 to Pxfru-3) localized to the cell nucleus, whereas Pxfru-4 and Pxfru-5, which contain only one BTB domain, were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. Knockdown the expression of fru in male moths delayed occurrence of mating and reduced their preference to female sex pheromones. Meanwhile, suppression of fru expression in female P. xylostella decreased their attractiveness to males. The results of GC-MS and Y-tube olfaction experiments indicated that this change may be attributed to alterations in the proportion of sex pheromones. This study represents the first report of the fru gene influencing pheromone ratios in female insects, and provides a new perspective for understanding the function of fru in the courtship behavior of non-model insects.
作者机构：
[Sun, He; Zhang, Jianguo; Yuan, Deyi; Zhang, JG] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Sun, He; Zhang, Jianguo; Lei, Jie; Duan, Aiguo; Liu, Juanjuan; Duan, AG; Zhang, JG; Li, Xiaoyan] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, State Key Lab Efficient Prod Forest Resources, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.;[Lei, Jie; Duan, Aiguo; Liu, Juanjuan; Duan, AG; Li, Xiaoyan] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, Key Lab Tree Breeding & Cultivat, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Duan, AG; Duan, AG ; Zhang, JG ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, State Key Lab Efficient Prod Forest Resources, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, Key Lab Tree Breeding & Cultivat, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chinese fir;planting density;site index;stand attributes;soil nutrients
摘要：
This study investigated the effects of planting density and site index on stand attributes and soil nutrients in mature Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.] plantations across Fujian and Sichuan Provinces, elucidating the pathways through which these factors influence standing volume (SV). The results showed that (1) planting density significantly affected stand variables, with average diameter at breast height (ADBH) decreasing and SV initially increasing and then declining with higher density. The number of mortality plants (NMP) and actual stand density (ASD) both increased significantly with higher density. Average tree height (ATH) and dominant height (DH) responses varied by region, with ATH decreasing in Sichuan and DH decreasing in Fujian with higher density. (2) Planting density affected soil nutrients differently in the two provinces, with soil total potassium (TK) increasing in Fujian and phosphorus decreasing in Sichuan. (3) Site index was positively correlated with ATH and ADBH but negatively correlated with ASD and NMP. Its relationship with soil nutrients was province-specific: in Fujian, site index was negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP) and positively correlated with TK and soil pH, while in Sichuan it was only positively correlated with TK. (4) Structural equation modeling revealed different regulatory pathways: in Fujian, planting density influenced SV through both ASD and soil nutrients, while in Sichuan it affected only through ASD. This study highlights the region-specific interactions between planting density, site index, stand structure, and soil nutrients, providing a foundation for optimized plantation management.
通讯机构：
[He, JN ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
M. Alternifolia;Provide shade;Photosynthesis;Chlorophyll;Endogenous hormone;Paraffin section
摘要：
In light of the detrimental effects of global warming, exacerbated by the intense sunlight and high temperatures prevalent during summer in southern China, on the growth of Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) seedlings, this study sets out to examine the impact of various shading treatments on the growth and physiological attributes of M. alternifolia seedlings, with the aim of determining the optimum shading level. The seedling phase is of paramount importance in the growth cycle and regeneration process of M. alternifolia, as both excessive and insufficient light exposure can negatively influence seedling development. Four shading regimes (CK: no shading; C1: 35-45% shading; C2: 45-50% shading; C3: 60-70% shading) were imposed on M. alternifolia seedlings, following which observations were conducted after a 35-day period. The results reveal that the different shading treatments had a significant effect on the growth and physiological indicators of the seedlings, with the moderate shading treatment (C2) proving to be the most advantageous for seedling growth. Under the C2 treatment, an increase in chlorophyll content was observed in the leaves of the seedlings, accompanied by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Concurrently, there was a reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) declined, while the concentrations of auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CTK) ascended. Leaf anatomical analysis disclosed that, in comparison to the control group, the thickness of the lower epidermis and palisade tissue in the leaves of the seedlings subjected to the C2 treatment exhibited a significant reduction. Additionally, an increase in the number of spongy tissue cells was noted, along with a marked increase in total leaf thickness. Consequently, cultivating M. alternifolia seedlings under shading conditions ranging from 45 to 50% is deemed more favorable. The findings of this study offer novel insights into the adaptive responses of M. alternifolia seedlings to varying light intensities and provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation and management of M. alternifolia seedlings in the southern regions of China.
作者机构：
College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, China;[Lin-Jing Zhong; Zhi-Xuan Li; Qi-Bin Yang; Can-Qi Liu; Lin-Fu Liang] College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, China ;[Lei Wu] College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, China
摘要：
Background: The Ophiorrhiza plants are an important group of medicinal herbs worldwide. However, many species of the genus Ophiorrhiza, including Ophiorrhiza exigua were not investigated for their chemical constituents and bioactivities.<&wdkj&>Objective: The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites from the plant O. exigua, discuss their chemotaxonomic significance, and evaluate their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.<&wdkj&>Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literature data. Based on the extensive literature survey, their chemotaxonomic importance was analyzed. Moreover, their α- glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by the colorimetric method.<&wdkj&>Results: The phytochemical study of the plant O. exigua led to the isolation of nine compounds (1–9) of different structural groups. Importantly, the chemotaxonomic importance of these isolated compounds was discussed, suggesting compounds 2–5 as four chemotaxonomic markers for the species O. exigua. In the α-glucosidase inhibitory bioassay, the compounds did not exhibited potent effects.<&wdkj&>Conclusion: All compounds except 1 and 9 were isolated from the genus Ophiorrhiza for the first time. Compounds 2–5 showed chemotaxonomic importance for the species O. exigua. This work filled the gap in the knowledge of the phytochemical and biological profiles of the plant O. exigua.
