摘要：
To develop curved bamboo-based products for promoting “bamboo as a substitute for plastic” by deep-molding and high-curvature winding technology, it is urgent to fully understand the effects of moisture content (MC) on flexural properties of bamboo with cellulose fibers at multiple scales. Here, we tested the 3-point flexural behavior of bamboo with cellulose fibers at different MC (0, 5 %, 10 %, 25 % and 50 %), in conjunction with in situ nanoindentation (NI) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to investigate its flexibility and toughness mechanisms. The results showed that gradient distribution of cellulose fibers embedded in soft parenchyma cells adapted to external stresses resulting in bamboo's excellent flexibility and toughness. Low MC (5 %, 10 %) made bamboo more flexible and tougher. The flexibility mechanism acting at the molecular scale was moisture-promoted softening of the lignin-carbohydrate (LCC) complex in the cell wall, and interface slip between the cellulose/LCC caused by water molecules aggregating verified by in situ NI and FTIR spectra, whereas toughness mechanisms originated from the coupling of transwall fracture and fibrils-exposed cellwall tearing, as well as tortuous crack propagation. High MC (25 % and 50 %) impaired flexibility and toughness via intercellular and fibrils-LCC interfacial debonding at multiple scales.
To develop curved bamboo-based products for promoting “bamboo as a substitute for plastic” by deep-molding and high-curvature winding technology, it is urgent to fully understand the effects of moisture content (MC) on flexural properties of bamboo with cellulose fibers at multiple scales. Here, we tested the 3-point flexural behavior of bamboo with cellulose fibers at different MC (0, 5 %, 10 %, 25 % and 50 %), in conjunction with in situ nanoindentation (NI) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to investigate its flexibility and toughness mechanisms. The results showed that gradient distribution of cellulose fibers embedded in soft parenchyma cells adapted to external stresses resulting in bamboo's excellent flexibility and toughness. Low MC (5 %, 10 %) made bamboo more flexible and tougher. The flexibility mechanism acting at the molecular scale was moisture-promoted softening of the lignin-carbohydrate (LCC) complex in the cell wall, and interface slip between the cellulose/LCC caused by water molecules aggregating verified by in situ NI and FTIR spectra, whereas toughness mechanisms originated from the coupling of transwall fracture and fibrils-exposed cellwall tearing, as well as tortuous crack propagation. High MC (25 % and 50 %) impaired flexibility and toughness via intercellular and fibrils-LCC interfacial debonding at multiple scales.
摘要：
Wood is widely used in home, construction and other fields, but the problems of easy corrosion of wood, poor flame retardant, low hardness limit the scope of use of wood. Therefore, in this study, we prepared the coating by a simple one-pot sol-gel method, modified silicate (water glass) by introducing green non-toxic organic polymer with sodium silicate solution (water glass) as the base material, and used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminopropyl double-ended polydimethylsiloxane (2NH2-PDMS) as the modifier. Triton X-100 as dispersant and ethyl acetate as curing agent were used to prepare three-dimensional crosslinked network structure (C-O-Si-OH-NH2) sodium silicate composite coating. When exposed to flame, the non-combustible carbon layer formed by the three-dimensional network crosslinked structural coating can act as a strong fire barrier for the substrate, and the flame-retardant performance is far better than other coatings. The resulting coating LOI value exceeds 95 %, and cone calorimetry results show that, compared to uncoated wood, sodium silicate composite coating, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), smoke emission rate (SPR), total smoke emission rate (TSR) and CO2 production rate were decreased by 96.6 %, 46.7 %, 96.2 %, 47.1 % and 91.7 %, respectively, and TTI was extended by 252 seconds. In addition, the gel rate (water resistance) of the silicate composite coating increased from 0 % to 61 %, flexibility changes from the curvature radius R>7.5 mm to R=5 mm, the hardness reached 5 H, and the brightness (L*) of the wood coating reached 75. From the above results, by overcoming the shortcomings of traditional sodium silicate coating in water resistance and poor flexibility, this paper innovates a water-resistant, flexible and expandable flame-retardant coating, which provides a new idea for further research on the design and manufacture of a new type of highly efficient, environmentally friendly, transparent and colorless water-resistant flexible and expandable flame-retardant sodium silicate coating.
Wood is widely used in home, construction and other fields, but the problems of easy corrosion of wood, poor flame retardant, low hardness limit the scope of use of wood. Therefore, in this study, we prepared the coating by a simple one-pot sol-gel method, modified silicate (water glass) by introducing green non-toxic organic polymer with sodium silicate solution (water glass) as the base material, and used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminopropyl double-ended polydimethylsiloxane (2NH2-PDMS) as the modifier. Triton X-100 as dispersant and ethyl acetate as curing agent were used to prepare three-dimensional crosslinked network structure (C-O-Si-OH-NH2) sodium silicate composite coating. When exposed to flame, the non-combustible carbon layer formed by the three-dimensional network crosslinked structural coating can act as a strong fire barrier for the substrate, and the flame-retardant performance is far better than other coatings. The resulting coating LOI value exceeds 95 %, and cone calorimetry results show that, compared to uncoated wood, sodium silicate composite coating, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), smoke emission rate (SPR), total smoke emission rate (TSR) and CO2 production rate were decreased by 96.6 %, 46.7 %, 96.2 %, 47.1 % and 91.7 %, respectively, and TTI was extended by 252 seconds. In addition, the gel rate (water resistance) of the silicate composite coating increased from 0 % to 61 %, flexibility changes from the curvature radius R>7.5 mm to R=5 mm, the hardness reached 5 H, and the brightness (L*) of the wood coating reached 75. From the above results, by overcoming the shortcomings of traditional sodium silicate coating in water resistance and poor flexibility, this paper innovates a water-resistant, flexible and expandable flame-retardant coating, which provides a new idea for further research on the design and manufacture of a new type of highly efficient, environmentally friendly, transparent and colorless water-resistant flexible and expandable flame-retardant sodium silicate coating.
作者机构：
[Wu, Mingjun; Ge, Shengbo; Jiang, Jinxuan; Shi, Yang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Forest Res, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zhongfeng; Yang, Yang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Fan, Wei; Fan, W] Xian Polytech Univ, Sch Text Sci & Engn, Key Lab Funct Text Mat & Prod, Minist Educ, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.;[Debecker, Damien P.] Univ Catholique Louvain UCLouvain, Inst Condensed Matter & Nanosci IMCN, Pl Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium.;[Rezakazemi, Mashallah] Shahrood Univ Technol, Fac Chem & Mat Engn, Shahrood, Iran.
通讯机构：
[Ge, SB ] N;[Rezakazemi, M ] S;[Zhang, ZF ] C;[Fan, W ] X;Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Forest Res, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.
关键词：
The global economy and industrial clustering during urbanization have increased the demand for energy resources;and excessive consumption of natural resources causes serious environmental pollution [1;2]. There is an urgent need to address aquatic;atmospheric;and soil pollution [3]. Atmospheric pollution is primarily caused by industrial production;thermal power generation;vehicle emissions;and waste incineration [4;5]. Water pollution is usually generated from industrial wastewater;domestic sewage;agricultural sewage;and medical wastewater [[6];[8]]. The sources of soil pollution include unwanted chemicals;waste dumping;and biological pollution [9;10]. Generally;pollutants can be classified into inorganic and organic [11;12]. Several treatment technologies exist to remove pollutants from the environment [13];including for example;electrostatic dust removal;reverse osmosis;catalytic conversion;etc. Electrostatic dust removal and reverse osmosis require regular maintenance and are costly. Catalytic conversion requires the use of chemicals;which can easily cause secondary damage to the environment. One approach is to use adsorption to capture the pollution or to facilitate further catalytic oxidation. Adsorbent materials include activated carbon;zeolites;mesoporous silica;and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [14;15]. Activated carbon is the most commonly used adsorption material on the market. It is widely used to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals due to its large specific surface area;good adsorption capacity;and relatively low price. However;it cannot selectively treat specific pollutants;which limits its development. Zeolite has uniform micropores;good thermal stability;and strong ion exchange capacity. It can selectively remove heavy metal ions;but its pore size is relatively narrow;so it is not suitable for the adsorption of larger organic molecules;mesoporous silica is a porous material with adjustable pore size;which has many similarities with MOFs;but compared with MOFs;its stability is not high enough and its adsorption capacity is relatively weak [16;17]. MOFs are a class of porous polymers consisting of metal clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-;two- or three-dimensional structures [18]. MOFs can be synthesized from thousands of organic ligands and metal ions;have an adjustable structure and a large specific surface area;so it is becoming more and more popular [[19];[22]]. As a result;they are proving to be highly effective in many research fields [[23];including catalysis [30];electrochemicstry [31];biomedical devices [32];adsorption [33];etc. In the realm of gas storage and separation;MOFs can selectively adsorb CO₂ under low-pressure conditions;making them highly effective for carbon capture [34]. Additionally;they exhibit a high capacity for hydrogen storage;significantly contributing to the future development of clean energy solutions [35]. Regarding water purification;MOFs can be specifically functionalized to selectively bind and effectively adsorb heavy metal ions;thus facilitating the removal of contaminants from water. In terms of sensing and detection;MOFs can be integrated with fluorescent probes;leveraging their exceptional adsorption capabilities to achieve ultra-high precision in detecting environmental pollutants [[36];[39]]. By searching for keywords;it can be seen that recent research has mainly focused on the adsorption purification and catalytic activation of MOFs;and Asian countries have paid more attention to the field of MOF research (Fig. 1). (See Table 1.) Fig. 2 shows in detail the key moments in the development of MOFs since their discovery. MOFs were first reported in 1995 by Yaghi's group [40]. In 1999;the same group reported an improved three-dimensional compound with a simple cubic structure synthesized from the rigid organic ligand terephthalic acid and Zn. The Rosi group developed IRMOF (Isoreticular Metal-organic Framework);in which the organic ligands are extended to exhibit the same topological network structure as MOF-5 [41]. MOF-177 was constructed by Yaghi's group in 2004;a three-node organic carboxylic acid ligand BTB with a large molecular backbone and a high specific surface area compared to conventional materials;significantly increasing its application and adsorption properties [42]. In 2006;Yaghi's group synthesized twelve types of molecular sieve imidazole skeletons (Zeolitic lmidazolate Frameworks;ZIFs) [43]. The superior properties of ZIFs make them ideal materials for gas separation and storage. A new concept emerged in 2010;entitled “multivariable functionalized MOFs” (MVT-MOFs);in which different functional groups are simultaneously modified on the pore surfaces of the same crystal structure;resulting in the development of 18 MVT-MOF-5 materials [44]. Currently;the primary focus is developing new metal-organic backbones with specific functions and researching porous coordination polymers that enable them to achieve specific functions and broaden their application in environmental purification [45]. Shi et al. [46] systematically summarized and classified the five synthesis strategies and post-processing strategies for the in situ growth of MOFs on LDH substrates to date;and conducted group discussions on the construction mechanisms of MOFs to discuss how MOFs can be constructed to maintain excellent performance in photoelectrocatalytic energy production. Based on the above;Shi et al. [47] further summarized the synthesis method of MOF@LDHs and explored the application of MOF@LDHs in the environmental field;and deeply analyzed its mechanism of action. Based on density functional theory (DFT);Chen et al. [48] discussed in depth the structure and related reaction mechanism of ZIF-8-derived metal-free carbon materials (MFCMs) to construct structure-activity relationships and explored the application prospects of MFCMs in the fields of environment and energy. It can be seen that the reviews on MOFs in recent years have mainly focused on their applications in the environmental field. The first part of this review discusses the classification and preparation of MOF-derived materials for environmental pollutants remediation. Then;the applications and mechanisms of MOFs in purifying inorganic and organic pollutants are explored. Finally;the environmental applications of MOFs are evaluated;the types of MOF derivatives relevant to their applications are discussed;and the future development of MOF-derived materials for the purification of inorganic and organic pollutants is described.
摘要：
Technology advancement has led to significant environmental pollution causing adverse effects to the environment and human health. To mitigate this, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable interest due to their configurable topologies and remarkable reactive sites for environmental remediation and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. This review highlights the construction and composition of advanced MOF-derived materials, including post-treatment, direct mixing, in-situ growth, and green synthesis. Then, the application and mechanism of the MOF-derived materials for removing organic and inorganic pollutants are presented. Finally, the environmental application assessment and contribution of MOF-derived material towards the sustainable development goals of the United Nations are outlined. Overall, this review will provide useful insight into the design and synthesize of advanced MOF-derived materials for effective remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants.
Technology advancement has led to significant environmental pollution causing adverse effects to the environment and human health. To mitigate this, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable interest due to their configurable topologies and remarkable reactive sites for environmental remediation and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. This review highlights the construction and composition of advanced MOF-derived materials, including post-treatment, direct mixing, in-situ growth, and green synthesis. Then, the application and mechanism of the MOF-derived materials for removing organic and inorganic pollutants are presented. Finally, the environmental application assessment and contribution of MOF-derived material towards the sustainable development goals of the United Nations are outlined. Overall, this review will provide useful insight into the design and synthesize of advanced MOF-derived materials for effective remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants.
摘要：
In order to improve the utilization and development of bamboo resources and promote its application in the engineering field, the effects of different lattice cores and processing methods on the bending performance of laminated bamboo sandwich panels were discussed in this study. These structures featured distinct lattice cores, namely triangular lattice, square lattice, and Kagome lattice. The manufacturing process included using laminated bamboo as the raw material and adopting the interlocking method and partition method. Four-point bending tests were carried out on laminated bamboo sandwich panels with different lattice cores, and the bending performance of sandwich panels was discussed. The failure mechanism of sandwich panels under bending load, as well as the variation law of mid-span deflection, bending stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity, are analyzed, and the specific stiffness and specific strength of laminated bamboo sandwich panels with four different core layers were compared. At the same time, a four-point bending test model of laminated bamboo sandwich panels was established by using finite element software ABAQUS, and numerical simulation was carried out. Three kinds of sandwich panels with different lattice core processed by the interlocking method all show shear failure during the bending loading, among which the triangular lattice sandwich panel has the best bearing capacity, while the specific strength of the laminated bamboo sandwich panel with triangular lattice is also the largest. The failure mode of the laminated bamboo sandwich panel with square lattice processed by partition method is that the upper layer yields under compression and the lower layer is damaged in tension. Its bearing capacity and specific strength are better than those of the three sandwich panels processed by interlocking method, which are 21.6 % and 43.6 % higher than those of the triangular lattice interlocking sandwich panel respectively. The error between the simulation results and the experimental results is less than 5 %, which has good consistency and can effectively predict the bending performance of the laminated bamboo sandwich panels. The laminated bamboo square lattice sandwich panel processing by partition method has excellent bending performance among the four kinds of sandwich panels, which can better present the lightweight and high-strength advantages of laminated bamboo. The research results can provide an effective structural form and theoretical basis for the application of bamboo in the engineering field.
In order to improve the utilization and development of bamboo resources and promote its application in the engineering field, the effects of different lattice cores and processing methods on the bending performance of laminated bamboo sandwich panels were discussed in this study. These structures featured distinct lattice cores, namely triangular lattice, square lattice, and Kagome lattice. The manufacturing process included using laminated bamboo as the raw material and adopting the interlocking method and partition method. Four-point bending tests were carried out on laminated bamboo sandwich panels with different lattice cores, and the bending performance of sandwich panels was discussed. The failure mechanism of sandwich panels under bending load, as well as the variation law of mid-span deflection, bending stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity, are analyzed, and the specific stiffness and specific strength of laminated bamboo sandwich panels with four different core layers were compared. At the same time, a four-point bending test model of laminated bamboo sandwich panels was established by using finite element software ABAQUS, and numerical simulation was carried out. Three kinds of sandwich panels with different lattice core processed by the interlocking method all show shear failure during the bending loading, among which the triangular lattice sandwich panel has the best bearing capacity, while the specific strength of the laminated bamboo sandwich panel with triangular lattice is also the largest. The failure mode of the laminated bamboo sandwich panel with square lattice processed by partition method is that the upper layer yields under compression and the lower layer is damaged in tension. Its bearing capacity and specific strength are better than those of the three sandwich panels processed by interlocking method, which are 21.6 % and 43.6 % higher than those of the triangular lattice interlocking sandwich panel respectively. The error between the simulation results and the experimental results is less than 5 %, which has good consistency and can effectively predict the bending performance of the laminated bamboo sandwich panels. The laminated bamboo square lattice sandwich panel processing by partition method has excellent bending performance among the four kinds of sandwich panels, which can better present the lightweight and high-strength advantages of laminated bamboo. The research results can provide an effective structural form and theoretical basis for the application of bamboo in the engineering field.
期刊：
SHS Web of Conferences,2024年183:01021 ISSN：2416-5182
作者机构：
Faculty of Art and Communication, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China;College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China;Hunan Museum, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
关键词：
conference;proceedings;humanities;social
摘要：
<jats:p>For Qin-zither with Literati and artistic temperament, there are high requirements for visual aesthetic in the restoration of damaged lacquer surface. In order to avoid the subjectivity and uncertainty of the traditional restoration method, the role of visual aesthetic in Qin-zither lacquer restoration is studied. This article proposes using the figure-ground visual relationship to analyze the figure-ground relationship between the patching surface and the original surface, assisting in restoration decision-making. During the repair process, the main lacquer patching range and shape are determined based on the visual balance of the composition. According to the final aesthetic effect, the grinding and painting repair method is selected to achieve a beautiful patching lacquer surface with different color layers in harmony with the original lacquer part. In the process of Qin-zither restoration, the visual aesthetic is permeated in the processing of figure and ground relationship, the harmony between the patching surface and the original lacquer part and the creation of lacquer layer.</jats:p>
期刊：
Construction and Building Materials,2024年411:134825 ISSN：0950-0618
通讯作者：
Sun, DL
作者机构：
[Zou, Weihua; Wang, Zhangheng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Delin; Song, Ling; Sun, Zhenyu; Zhao, Shan; Liu, Wenshuang; Yu, Minggong; Zou, Weihua; Liu, Fang; Wang, Zhangheng] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Delin; Sun, DL] 498 Shaoshan South Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, DL ] 4;498 Shaoshan South Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Superhydrophobic wood;Wet chemical method;Wettability;Bond strength;Interface modification
摘要：
Superhydrophobic modification transforms the wood surface into a non-wetting state, which hinders the effective spreading and penetration of the adhesive at the gluing interface. In this study, a wet chemical method was used to optimize the wettability of the glued interface of superhydrophobic wood (S-wood) through NaOH@KH-550 synergistic treatment. The method can improve the structrue and chemical condition to increase the adsorption capacity of the wood surface for the adhesive, and the bond strength of S-wood increased to 3.21 MPa, which was beneficial to the efficient use of S-wood in construction and furniture fields.
摘要：
As green renewable resources, wood and its composites are widely used in the construction field, which puts forward higher requirements for their flame-retardant performance. In this study, a high-temperature hydrothermal crystallization method for in situ constructing an epoxy crosslinked Si-Al zeolite-like structural wood composite (WZLC) was reported. Under the action of amine guiding agents and epoxy resin, the zeolite-like catalytic structure constructed in poplar wood comprised negative electrocatalytic sites, which can efficiently catalyze the formation of the carbon layer and endow WZLC with excellent flame retardant, smoke-suppression, and self-extinguishing properties. Compared with the untreated wood (WN), the thermal stability of the treated wood (WZLC) was greatly improved, and the amount of volatile organic compounds released during the decomposition process was significantly reduced. The heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke production of WZLC1 decreased by 50.23%, 44.14%, 45.21%, and 28.46%, respectively. Particularly, CO and CO2 yields of WZLC significantly decreased by 92.26% and 92.02%, respectively, indicating that the Si-Al zeolite-like catalytic structure displayed excellent catalytic flame retardant properties, which can effectively decrease the thermal decomposition rate and combustion risk of the WZLC. This method uses less flame retardants to achieve a good flame retardant and smoke suppression effect, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution caused by too many flame retardants.
期刊：
Journal of Cleaner Production,2024年449:141710 ISSN：0959-6526
通讯作者：
Zhang, ZF
作者机构：
[Zhang, Jijuan; Zhong, Yanan; Ren, Yi; Huo, Hongfeng; Zhang, Zhongfeng; Yang, Yang; Zhang, Lei; Huang, Kai] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Green Furniture Engn Technol Res Ctr, Green Home Engn Technol Res Ctr Hunan,Natl Forestr, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lei; Huang, Kai] Dongyang Furniture Inst, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, ZF ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Green Furniture Engn Technol Res Ctr, Green Home Engn Technol Res Ctr Hunan,Natl Forestr, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Traditional wood modification methods often result in the release of harmful substances and energy wastage. This study proposes an efficient and environmentally friendly modification strategy for fast-growing poplar wood. The approach involves polymerizing organic linear molecules within the cell wall to form stitches, thereby enhancing the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood and increasing its ability to withstand various environments. Poplar wood specimens were treated via a method that combines heat treatment with acrylic emulsion impregnation. The research findings indicated an improvement in the mechanical properties of poplar wood following the combined treatment. Moreover, poplar wood subjected to this treatment approach exhibited a 35.24 % lower water absorption rate after a 7-day water immersion test, and tangential and radial swelling rates of the wood were reduced by 29.66 % and 45.68 %, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed excellent penetration of acrylic emulsion into wood cells; the emulsion infiltrated the wood and adhered to the cell walls, forming a crosslinked network structure. Analysis of the modification mechanism through X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the successful infusion of acrylic emulsion compensated for the lower mechanical properties of thermally treated wood, thus improving the utilization value of poplar. The acrylic emulsion is an environmentally friendly and harmless modifier, making the modified wood suitable for various applications, including indoor furniture, logistics, and outdoor facilities. This modification strategy enables efficient resource utilization and provides valuable insights for the sustainable development of the timber industry.
期刊：
E3S Web of Conferences,2024年512:02021 ISSN：2555-0403
作者机构：
College of Furniture and Art Design, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;School of Architecture, Syracuse University, New York NY13244, USA
摘要：
<jats:p>[Objective] Although there are many kinds of materials for outdoor seating, there are also limitations. People prefer natural wood materials which are warm in winter and cool in summer. From the perspective of sustainable development, wood substitute for natural preservative wood is replaceable, so it has become the main material for outdoor seating. The purpose of this paper is to verify the advantages of wood and wood -like materials in the application of outdoor seating with expert evaluation methods. [Methods] The Del phi expert evaluation method was used to optimize the different schemes of wood and non -wood materials in the empirical study. Based on the three levels of “environment - space - people ”, the evaluation was carried out from multiple perspectives, from the urban ecological environment appeals of the top system of the macro root layer to the extension system of the meso-generative layer of the harmonious space and place system, as well as the micro-representational layer ontology system problems involving the form, function and material technology of outdoor seating. [Result] Finally, based on the quantitative data analysis of Delphi expert evaluation method and standard deviation comparison analysis results, the outdoor seating system design of wood and imitation wood materials was obtained by experts’ preference and affirmation. [Conclusion] T he material selection of outdoor seating can be mainly wood, and the acceptance of imitation wood outdoor seating is similar to wood. When selecting outdoor seating materials, we can gradually introduce composite anticorrosive wood materials to replace non -renewable natural anticorrosive wood.</jats:p>
