[Wu, Mingjun; Ge, Shengbo; Jiang, Jinxuan; Shi, Yang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Forest Res, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.

[Zhang, Zhongfeng; Yang, Yang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.

[Fan, Wei; Fan, W] Xian Polytech Univ, Sch Text Sci & Engn, Key Lab Funct Text Mat & Prod, Minist Educ, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.

[Debecker, Damien P.] Univ Catholique Louvain UCLouvain, Inst Condensed Matter & Nanosci IMCN, Pl Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium.

[Rezakazemi, Mashallah] Shahrood Univ Technol, Fac Chem & Mat Engn, Shahrood, Iran.

[Ge, SB ] N

[Rezakazemi, M ] S

[Zhang, ZF ] C

[Fan, W ] X

Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Forest Res, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China.

Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Furniture & Art Design, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.

Xian Polytech Univ, Sch Text Sci & Engn, Key Lab Funct Text Mat & Prod, Minist Educ, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.

Shahrood Univ Technol, Fac Chem & Mat Engn, Shahrood, Iran.

The global economy and industrial clustering during urbanization have increased the demand for energy resources;and excessive consumption of natural resources causes serious environmental pollution [1;2]. There is an urgent need to address aquatic;atmospheric;and soil pollution [3]. Atmospheric pollution is primarily caused by industrial production;thermal power generation;vehicle emissions;and waste incineration [4;5]. Water pollution is usually generated from industrial wastewater;domestic sewage;agricultural sewage;and medical wastewater [[6];[8]]. The sources of soil pollution include unwanted chemicals;waste dumping;and biological pollution [9;10]. Generally;pollutants can be classified into inorganic and organic [11;12]. Several treatment technologies exist to remove pollutants from the environment [13];including for example;electrostatic dust removal;reverse osmosis;catalytic conversion;etc. Electrostatic dust removal and reverse osmosis require regular maintenance and are costly. Catalytic conversion requires the use of chemicals;which can easily cause secondary damage to the environment. One approach is to use adsorption to capture the pollution or to facilitate further catalytic oxidation. Adsorbent materials include activated carbon;zeolites;mesoporous silica;and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [14;15]. Activated carbon is the most commonly used adsorption material on the market. It is widely used to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals due to its large specific surface area;good adsorption capacity;and relatively low price. However;it cannot selectively treat specific pollutants;which limits its development. Zeolite has uniform micropores;good thermal stability;and strong ion exchange capacity. It can selectively remove heavy metal ions;but its pore size is relatively narrow;so it is not suitable for the adsorption of larger organic molecules;mesoporous silica is a porous material with adjustable pore size;which has many similarities with MOFs;but compared with MOFs;its stability is not high enough and its adsorption capacity is relatively weak [16;17]. MOFs are a class of porous polymers consisting of metal clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-;two- or three-dimensional structures [18]. MOFs can be synthesized from thousands of organic ligands and metal ions;have an adjustable structure and a large specific surface area;so it is becoming more and more popular [[19];[22]]. As a result;they are proving to be highly effective in many research fields [[23];including catalysis [30];electrochemicstry [31];biomedical devices [32];adsorption [33];etc. In the realm of gas storage and separation;MOFs can selectively adsorb CO₂ under low-pressure conditions;making them highly effective for carbon capture [34]. Additionally;they exhibit a high capacity for hydrogen storage;significantly contributing to the future development of clean energy solutions [35]. Regarding water purification;MOFs can be specifically functionalized to selectively bind and effectively adsorb heavy metal ions;thus facilitating the removal of contaminants from water. In terms of sensing and detection;MOFs can be integrated with fluorescent probes;leveraging their exceptional adsorption capabilities to achieve ultra-high precision in detecting environmental pollutants [[36];[39]]. By searching for keywords;it can be seen that recent research has mainly focused on the adsorption purification and catalytic activation of MOFs;and Asian countries have paid more attention to the field of MOF research (Fig. 1). (See Table 1.) Fig. 2 shows in detail the key moments in the development of MOFs since their discovery. MOFs were first reported in 1995 by Yaghi's group [40]. In 1999;the same group reported an improved three-dimensional compound with a simple cubic structure synthesized from the rigid organic ligand terephthalic acid and Zn. The Rosi group developed IRMOF (Isoreticular Metal-organic Framework);in which the organic ligands are extended to exhibit the same topological network structure as MOF-5 [41]. MOF-177 was constructed by Yaghi's group in 2004;a three-node organic carboxylic acid ligand BTB with a large molecular backbone and a high specific surface area compared to conventional materials;significantly increasing its application and adsorption properties [42]. In 2006;Yaghi's group synthesized twelve types of molecular sieve imidazole skeletons (Zeolitic lmidazolate Frameworks;ZIFs) [43]. The superior properties of ZIFs make them ideal materials for gas separation and storage. A new concept emerged in 2010;entitled “multivariable functionalized MOFs” (MVT-MOFs);in which different functional groups are simultaneously modified on the pore surfaces of the same crystal structure;resulting in the development of 18 MVT-MOF-5 materials [44]. Currently;the primary focus is developing new metal-organic backbones with specific functions and researching porous coordination polymers that enable them to achieve specific functions and broaden their application in environmental purification [45]. Shi et al. [46] systematically summarized and classified the five synthesis strategies and post-processing strategies for the in situ growth of MOFs on LDH substrates to date;and conducted group discussions on the construction mechanisms of MOFs to discuss how MOFs can be constructed to maintain excellent performance in photoelectrocatalytic energy production. Based on the above;Shi et al. [47] further summarized the synthesis method of MOF@LDHs and explored the application of MOF@LDHs in the environmental field;and deeply analyzed its mechanism of action. Based on density functional theory (DFT);Chen et al. [48] discussed in depth the structure and related reaction mechanism of ZIF-8-derived metal-free carbon materials (MFCMs) to construct structure-activity relationships and explored the application prospects of MFCMs in the fields of environment and energy. It can be seen that the reviews on MOFs in recent years have mainly focused on their applications in the environmental field. The first part of this review discusses the classification and preparation of MOF-derived materials for environmental pollutants remediation. Then;the applications and mechanisms of MOFs in purifying inorganic and organic pollutants are explored. Finally;the environmental applications of MOFs are evaluated;the types of MOF derivatives relevant to their applications are discussed;and the future development of MOF-derived materials for the purification of inorganic and organic pollutants is described.

家具与艺术设计学院