Bayesian approach has been widely used in inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). However, due to either computationally prohibitive or analytically unavailable, its likelihood function is always intractable. In this study, to circumvent the intractable likelihood function, an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is extended to IHCP. However, massive expensive forward simulations are needed. It might lead to prohibited computational cost. In order to improve the efficiency of the ABC-IHCP, two strategies are proposed in this study. At first, in order to improve the convergence rate of ABC an...