Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the different alkalinity reduction methods. Single alkalinity-reduced treatment and hybrid alkalinity-reduced method were employed respectively. Single alkalinity-reduced treatment methods include oxalic acid soaking, oxalic acid spraying and deep penetrating sealer (DPS) spraying. The hybrid alkalinity-reduced method used silica fume (SF) and ferrous sulfate. Deep penetrating sealer spraying and rapid carbonization were performed in the hybrid alkalinity-reduced treatment. The compressive strength...
