IntroductionLive stream-watching has become increasingly popular worldwide. Consumers are found to watch streams in a continuous manner. Despite its popularity, there has been limited research investigating why consumers continue to watch streams. Previously, the expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) has been widely adopted to explain users’ continuance intention. However, most current ECT-based models are theoretically incomplete, since they only consider the importance of perceived benefits without considering users’ costs and sacrifices. I...