To take advantage of the high aspect ratio of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and high performance luminescence of carbon dots (CDs), a novel fluorescent nanocellulosic hydrogel was synthesised and used not only as an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals, but also as an optical sensor for the detection of heavy metals. This fluorescent nanocellulosic hydrogel was characterized with respect to its morphological features, chemical composition and optical properties by means of optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis and fluorescenc...