Based on JJF 1059---1999 Evaluation of the Uncertainty of Determination and Expression, a mathematical model was established to assess the uncertainty of analyzing cholecalciferol (VD3) in infant milk powder by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Factors contributing to the uncertainty were analyzed, quantified and synthesized. The expanded uncertainty of VD3 determination for 10.0 g of samples was 0.2091 μg. Our results showed that the uncertainty of measurement was mainly caused by the preparation of standard solution, the es...