The rapid economic development has caused a continuous increase in carbon emissions, which has led to a series of problems such as environmental pollution and climate change, resulting in a decline in economic, ecological and social welfare. The increase in human well-being generated by each unit of carbon emissions can be expressed in terms of well-being performance of carbon emissions. Based on provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020 in China, this paper provides an in-depth exploration of the impact of the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure on the well-being performance o...