The genus Mesoneura Hartig, 1837 is redescribed. Mesoneura truncatatheca Wei sp. nov. is described from southern Gansu and southern Shaanxi, China. A key to world species of the genus is provided. The species of Mesoneura are separated into three species groups. The larvae of the new species feed on Quercus aliena Blume var. acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig (Fagaceae), and Larix sp. (Pi...