Snub-nosed monkeys live in diverse ecosystems,including tropical forest,sub-tropical forest,temperate subalpine forest,temperate alpine forest.The variation of habitat provides for a step-wise gradation of ecological and social behaviors,making the species useful in understanding the behavioral flexibility and adaptation of nonhuman primates.Furthermore,their social organization is characterized by the multi-level society(MLS),in which females live in core social units consisting primarily of one male unit(OMU)with multiple females,and multiple such OMUs associate and forage together as one la...