The farmer is the main body to build new countryside and the key to construct a new socialist countryside. This paper analyzes the advancing factors which constrained the farmers' science & technology capability from the perspectives of farmers' education level, the mechanism of cultivating new-oriented farmers, the government' input to science & technology and the scientific & technologic environment in rural. On this basis, some strategies are put forward to increase the technological capability of the farmers and cultivate new socialist peasants by consolidating the rural basic education, r...