Taxus chinensis var. mairei is an endangered species in China, taxol containing in tree is one of the best natural anticancer medicine. However, molecular genetics research on this species has lagged behind those of other conifer species. In order to protect this rare species and give reference for breeding, the research advances on T. chinensis vat. mairei were reviewed, including molecular markers development, germplasm resources collection and molecular evaluation, genetic diversity and population conservation, cloning and function analysis of taxol biosynthetic genes and transcriptomics. S...