Due to grassland degradation and expansion of desertification, the Northern China continuously suffered from several sandstorms in the spring of 2000. In order to control the desertification trend in Beijing and surroundings and improve the ecological condition and environment in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region (BTSSR), the Chinese government launched the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Program in July 2000. This program has been working for thirteen years. However, it is unknown that how the vegetation and ecosystems were rest...