The interaction layer on the rail surface resulting from friction, adhesion, and melting of CuCrZr/AlMgSi friction pairs during ultra-high speed sliding electrical contact, such as in electromagnetic rail launch systems, plays a critical role in determining the lifespan and performance of the copper rail. This study investigates the evolution of the interaction layer microstructure, elemental diffusion behavior , and the formation mechanism of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and mechanical properties after 45 launches. Results show that copper d...
