The purpose of Protected Area Management Project sponsored by the Global Environment Facility is settling the conflict between biodiversity conservation and community development. As a demonstrating area, the participatory rural appraisal survey was carried out in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve during the period from 19th Sep. to 5th Oct. in 2003. The investigation into different communities, respectively at the core zone, the buffering zone and test zone of this nature reserve, shows the status quo of the society, economy and culture, and draws out the five most important factors existing...