High-performance catalyst is significant for the sustainable hydrogen (H 2 ) production by electrocatalytic water splitting. Optimizing porous structure and active groups of substrate can promote the interaction of substrate and active metal particles, enabling excellent catalytic properties and stability. Herein, the optimization strategy of delignification and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidization was developed to modify the porous structure and active groups of wood substrate, and Ru doped Co/Co 2 P (Ru-Co/Co 2 P) nanopart...