Filamentous fungal strains were isolated from the leaves and fruits of Camellia oleifera with the anthracnose disease. The pathogenecity was tested following Koch ' s postulates. Our analyses identified that all 18 isolated strains were pathogenic to Camellia oleifera. The molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the most virulent isolate confirmed that it belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. 165 strains were isolated from the leaves of Camellia oleifera, which were collected from Henyang, Liuyang, Changde etc in Hunan province. There were three entophytic bacter...