As a sustainable mode of transportation, the electric scooter offers residents a low-carbon, convenient, and fast travel option. However, its battery quality problem also brings safety risks that cannot be ignored. We construct eight different differential game models to investigate quality improvement strategies by battery makers and electric scooter manufacturers at the design and manufacturing stages. Our results show that the government subsidy is a better incentive for manufacturers to invest more in quality in the design and manufacturing steps than the cost-sharing contract. This leads ...
