通讯机构:
[Liu, JA ; Zhou, GY] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Control Dis & Pests, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Control Forest Dis & Pests, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Cultivat & Protect Nonwood Forest Trees, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词:
pine wilt disease;nematicidal bacteria;defense enzyme activity;biocontrol
摘要:
Pine Wilt Disease (PWD), caused by the pathogenic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a systemic infectious disease commonly referred to as the “cancer” of pine trees. This devastating disease has gained this analogy due to its ability to rapidly spread within pine populations, leading to substantial losses in forest resources. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the bioprotective potential and underlying mechanisms of action exhibited by rhizosphere microorganisms associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in the context of controlling the pine wilt nematode. In this experiment, using high-throughput sequencing, significant differences were observed in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities among healthy Masson pine, standing dead trees, and diseased Masson pine. Furthermore, it was found that these microbial communities exhibited distinct community structures at different levels. This study successfully isolated and screened three strains of highly effective nematophagous bacteria from the rhizosphere soil. The identified strains were Lysinibacillus capsici, Bacillus Paramycoides, and Delftia tsuruhatensis. After applying the bacterial suspensions and fermentation extracts of these three strains to the roots of two-year-old Masson pine seedlings, followed by inoculation with pine wilt nematodes after a four-day period, distinct defense responses were observed in the Masson pine. Notably, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly increased, leading to a substantial reduction in the incidence of pine wilt disease. Based on the changes in defense enzyme activities, it can be concluded that the fermentation extract of the Lysinibacillus capsici strain exhibits effective nematocidal effects and induces resistance. The significant biological control efficacy and induction of host defense activity indicate the potential application value of this strain and its metabolites as a biocontrol agent for pine wilt disease.
摘要:
Phytopathogens pose a devastating threat to the productivity and yield of crops by causing destructive plant diseases in natural and agricultural environments. Hemibiotrophic pathogens have a variable-length biotrophic phase before turning to necrosis and are among the most invasive plant pathogens. Plant resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogens relies mainly on the activation of innate immune responses. These responses are typically initiated after the plant plasma membrane and various plant immune receptors detect immunogenic signals associated with pathogen infection. Hemibiotrophic pathogens evade pathogen-triggered immunity by masking themselves in an arms race while also enhancing or manipulating other receptors to promote virulence. However, our understanding of plant immune defenses against hemibiotrophic pathogens is highly limited due to the intricate infection mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the strategies that different hemibiotrophic pathogens interact with host immune receptors to activate plant immunity. We also discuss the significant role of the plasma membrane in plant immune responses, as well as the current obstacles and potential future research directions in this field. This will enable a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenicity of hemibiotrophic pathogens and how distinct plant immune receptors oppose them, delivering valuable data for the prevention and management of plant diseases.
通讯机构:
[Liu, JA ; Zhou, GY] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Cultivat & Protect Nonwood Forest Trees, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Control Arti, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Control Forest Dis & Pests, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Camellia oleifera;fungal pathogens;plant diseases;management strategies;geographical distribution
摘要:
Camellia oleifera Abel, a woody oil plant, that is endemic to China. Tea oil, also referred to as "oriental olive oil," is a superior quality plant-based cooking oil. The production of tea oil accounts for 8% of the total edible vegetable oil production in the country. Since 2022, the annual output value of C. oleifera industry has exceeded 100 billion yuan, making it one of the major economic contributors to China's rural revitalization development strategy. In recent years, demand and production have grown in parallel. However, this has led to an increase in the incidence levels of pest and diseases. Pests and diseases significantly reduce the quality and yield of C. oleifera. C. oleifera diseases are mainly caused by pathogenic fungi. C. oleifera anthracnose, soft rot, leaf spot, coal stain, leaf gall disease, and root rot are the most important fungal diseases affecting the C. oleifera industry. However, the same disease may be caused by different pathogenic fungi. C. oleifera can be found in half of China and is found in several climatic zones. The geographical distribution of woody plant diseases is consistent with the distribution of the tree species and the ecology of the range, which also results in a highly complex distribution of fungal diseases of C. oleifera. The management of fungal diseases in C. oleifera is extremely challenging due to the variety of pathogenic fungal species, multiple routes of transmission, the lack of resistant plants, and the environmental safety of chemical measures. The optimal strategy for addressing fungal diseases in C. oleifera is to develop and apply an integrated disease management plan. This review provides a brief overview of the pathogenic species, pathogenesis, pathogenesis, geographical distribution, current management strategies, and potentially new methods of C. oleifera fungal diseases, to provide direction for the development of comprehensive management measures for C. oleifera fungal diseases in the future.
摘要:
Traditional disposal of animal manures and lignocellulosic biomass is restricted by its inefficiency and sluggishness. To advance the carbon management and greenhouse gas mitigation, this review scrutinizes the effect of pyrolysis in promoting the sustainable biomass and manure disposal as well as stimulating the biochar industry development. This review has examined the advancement of pyrolysis of animal manure (AM) and lignocellulosic biomass (LB) in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and operability. In particular, the applicability of pyrolysis biochar in enhancing the crops yields via soil remediation is highlighted. Through pyrolysis, the heavy metals of animal manures are fixated in the biochar, thereby both soil contamination via leaching and heavy metal uptake by crops are minimized. Pyrolysis biochar is potentially use in soil remediation for agronomic and environmental co-benefits. Fast pyrolysis assures high bio-oil yield and revenue with better return on investment whereas slow pyrolysis has low revenue despite its minimum investment cost because of relatively low selling price of biochar. For future commercialization, both continuous reactors and catalysis can be integrated to pyrolysis to ameliorate the efficiency and economic value of pyrolysis biochar.
作者机构:
[Liu, Junang; Mo, Xiuli; He, Yuan; Zhou, Guoying; Wang, Zhikai; Tan, Qian; Xia, Yandong] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Control Art, Hunan Prov Key Lab Control Forest Dis & Pests, Minist Educ,Coll Life Sci & Technol,Key Lab Nonwo, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Jia; Chen, Cang] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Jia Yin] C;[Guoying Zhou] K;College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
摘要:
Abstract: Endophytes represent a ubiquitous and magical world in plants. Almost all plant species studied by different researchers have been found to harbor one or more endophytes, which protect host plants from pathogen invasion and from adverse environmental conditions. They produce various metabolites that can directly inhibit the growth of pathogens and even promote the growth and development of the host plants. In this review, we focus on the biological control of plant diseases, aiming to elucidate the contribution and key roles of endophytes and their metabolites in this field with the latest research information. Metabolites synthesized by endophytes are part of plant disease management, and the application of endophyte metabolites to induce plant resistance is very promising. Furthermore, multi-omics should be more fully utilized in plant–microbe research, especially in mining novel bioactive metabolites. We believe that the utilization of endophytes and their metabolites for plant disease management is a meaningful and promising research direction that can lead to new breakthroughs in the development of more effective and ecosystem-friendly insecticides and fungicides in modern agriculture. Keywords: endophytes; metabolites; biological control; multi-omics; plant diseases
通讯机构:
[Liu, J.; Zhou, G.] K;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Diseases and Pests of South Plantation, China
摘要:
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera), mainly used to produce high-quality edible oil, is an important cash crop in China. Anthracnose of oil tea is a considerable factor that limits the yield of tea oil. In order to effectively control the anthracnose of oil tea, researchers have worked hard for many years, and great progress has been made in the research of oil tea anthracnose. For instance, researchers isolated a variety of Colletotrichum spp. from oil tea and found that Colletotrichum fructicola was the most popular pathogen in oil tea. At the same time, a variety of control methods have been explored, such as cultivating resistant varieties, pesticides, and biological control, etc. Furthermore, the research on the molecular pathogenesis of Colletotrichum spp. has also made good progress, such as the elaboration of the transcription factors and effector functions of Colletotrichum spp. The authors summarized the research status of the harm, pathogen types, control, and pathogenic molecular mechanism of oil tea anthracnose in order to provide theoretical support and new technical means for the green prevention and control of oil tea anthracnose.
摘要:
Colletotrichum is widespread, and these pathogenic fungi can cause various plant diseases. Studies have shown that Colletotrichum fructicola cause oil-tea (Camellia oleifera) anthracnose and is widely distributed as a dominant fungus in all Ca. oleifera-producing regions. Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) is considered the most reliable technique for simultaneously measuring relative gene expression levels in different tissues. Target genes are typically quantified using RT-qPCR to explore gene function, and reliable RT-qPCR results require data normalization using stable reference genes. No studies have reported a suitable reference gene in C. fructicola. This study has eight candidate reference genes (CfCk, CfRpp, CfUce, CfRrp, CfAdrh, CfDd, CfAct, and CfTub) which were selected from C. fructicola-Ca. oleifera transcriptome data and evaluated and sequenced using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms. The results showed that CfRrp had better stability in C. fructicola, both during the growth of pure pathogenic fungi and during the invasion of different oil-tea leaves. After normalization with CfRrp, the differentially expressed target genes were similar to the transcriptome. Our work provides suitable reference genes for future studies to quantify target gene expression levels in C. fructicola.
作者机构:
[Liu, Junang; Li, Min; Zhou, Guoying] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Nonwood Forest Cultivat & Conservat, Minist Educ, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Junang; Li, Min; Zhou, Guoying] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Control Art, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Junang; Li, Min; Zhou, Guoying] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Prov Key Lab Control Forest Dis & Pests, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Guoying Zhou]
;Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education
, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>
Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China
, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests
, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
摘要:
To clarify the histopathological characteristics of Camellia oleifera that were infected by Colletotrichum fructicola, this study utilized frozen tissue sections, whole-stain clearing and transmission electron microscopy to observe the time of transformation from biotrophic to necrotrophic when Co. fructicola infects leaves, as well as the colonization and expansion of the pathogenic fungus at different stages on the leaves. The Co. fructicola conidia produced germ tubes 2h post-inoculation, and appressoria began to form 4h after inoculation. There were two ways that pathogens can use to invade the leaves of Ca. oleifera. One was to directly penetrate the host cuticle, while the other involved invasion from the stomata of the host using germ tubes or hyphae. A few infection vesicles could then be observed in the leaf tissue, and the infection vesicles produce thicker septal primary hyphae after 24h of infection. When the infection reached the 40 h point, the fungus started to produce secondary hyphae with smaller diameter than that of the primary hyphae and gradually expanded into the adjacent cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that when the secondary hyphae entered the mesophyll cells, the contents in the cells were digested and a cavity gradually formed, indicating that the cells had been killed. Thus, the appearance of the secondary hyphae marked the point at which Co. fructicola entered into a destructive necrotrophic stage.
通讯机构:
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultination and Conseration of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China