摘要：
Both financial development and technological innovation are critical issues for policy-makers and academics in high-quality economic development. From the perspective of the geographical structure of the financial supply, this paper measures the number of financial institutions within a certain radius around an enterprise using the information on its geographical location and that of surrounding financial institutions to explore the impact of financial density on the enterprise's innovation quality, as well as the transmission mechanism. Rising financial density improves enterprise innovation quality, and this enhancement effect is mainly manifested in patent generality rather than patent originality. As the geographic radius expands, the effect of financial density on enterprise innovation quality increases and then decreases. Financial accessibility and competitive banking channels are the primary transmission mechanisms of financial density on enterprise innovation quality. In addition, the promotional effect of financial density on enterprise innovation quality is heterogeneous according to regional, industry, and enterprise characteristics. Finally, further analysis indicates that financial density will promote both innovation quality and quantity by motivating firms to engage in patent R&D behaviors that are highly technologically advanced. In addition, financial density enhances enterprises' innovation efficiency by increasing bank competition. Similarly, financial density is also conducive to increasing enterprises' commercial credit and financial liabilities. Therefore, the government should accelerate the development of an inclusive financial system, improve the coverage and penetration rates of the spatial layout of financial institutions, and encourage high-quality economic development by encouraging technologically advanced and innovative firms.
期刊：
Economic Systems Research,2024年:01 ISSN：0953-5314
通讯作者：
Xie, R
作者机构：
[Zhao, Guomei] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Econ, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Guomei] Res Ctr High Qual Dev Ind Econ, Key Res Base Philosophy & Social Sci Hunan Prov, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Rui] Hunan Univ, Sch Econ & Trade, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Su, Bin] Natl Univ Singapore, Energy Studies Inst, Singapore, Singapore.;[Wang, Qunwei] Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Sch Econ & Management, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xie, R ] H;Hunan Univ, Changsha 410079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This paper constructs a comparative analysis framework on how the input-output (IO) model with technical differences affects the calculation of the pollution terms of trade (PTT) and the tests of the pollution haven hypothesis. Specifically, the CO2 terms of trade (CTT) of the world's major economies are calculated based on five IO models, and chain additive structure decomposition analysis (SDA) is conducted to examine the roles of different factors in the changes in CTT. The economic phenomena reflected by the CTT measured by these IO models are found to be different, and a comparative analysis shows that different IO models are suitable for studying different economic problems. Suggestions are provided on the application of different IO models in the calculation of economic indicators and the study of economic issues. Policy makers need to be cautious about policy recommendations based on the results obtained from different IO models.
期刊：
Forest Policy and Economics,2024年160:103146 ISSN：1389-9341
通讯作者：
Zhang, SH
作者机构：
[Zhang, Shouhong; Zhang, SH; Zhang, Fan; Ren, Yufei] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Jixian Natl Forest Ecosyst Observat & Res Stn, CNERN, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Li, Mo] Northeast Agr Univ, Sch Water Conservancy & Civil Engn, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shouhong; Zhang, SH] Beijing Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Efficient Prod Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jiakai] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Ecol & Nat Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Yini] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, SH ] B;Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Jixian Natl Forest Ecosyst Observat & Res Stn, CNERN, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.;Beijing Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Efficient Prod Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
National Reserve Forest Project of China;Afforestation project;Carbon neutrality;Carbon sink;Carbon cost and price
摘要：
The National Reserve Forest Project (NRFP) is a forestry project launched by China in 2013 to ensure the safety of timber supply and create a carbon sink, which can contribute to China's future carbon neutrality goals. To evaluate the carbon neutral contribution and carbon sink benefits of the NRFP, it is necessary to estimate the carbon sink amount, carbon sink cost, and carbon sink price. A combined method, modified Hartman model, and Rubinstein-Stahl bargaining model were used to estimate and analyze the carbon sink amount, carbon sink cost, and carbon sink price of NRFPs from several typical NRFP zones to the nationwide level. Results show that: (1) if the yearly construction area of the NRFP keeps stable at 10.2 × 105 ha in the future, the carbon sink of NRFP will account for about 17.32%, 28.35%, and 80.00% of total carbon emissions in 2060 under low-, middle-, and high-policy scenarios, respectively, representing an increase compared to the current level of approximately 16%; (2) the weighted average carbon sink cost of NRFP is estimated to be 95.16 CNY/t CO2 e (lower than the average carbon sink cost of 150 CNY/t CO2 e), and several measures such as applying Public-private partnership investment (PPP), increasing project operation duration, and choosing construction areas with low farmland benefit can help further reduce carbon sink cost of NRRP; (3) the reasonable carbon sink price should fall between the carbon sink cost and marginal carbon emission reduction cost of enterprises, and increasing the carbon sink price has a positive impact on NRFP construction. NRFPs suffer economic losses in the present carbon trade market, but they will gradually become profitable with the rising carbon sink price in the future. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain or gradually expand the construction area, provide more financial support, and improve the carbon trading market of NRFPs.
期刊：
Journal of the Knowledge Economy,2024年:1-17 ISSN：1868-7865
通讯作者：
Yin, SH
作者机构：
[Yin, Shaohua; Ma, Ruihao; Yin, SH] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yin, SH ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rural economic transformation;Consumption structure;Urbanization;Agricultural mechanization;Rural social security;Linear regression
摘要：
In the dynamic process of urbanization, the shift from rural to urban areas has reshaped the economic landscape, leading to substantial changes in income sources for families. This study delves into the critical role of rural economic transformation (RET) in augmenting farmers' income and subsequently influencing their consumption patterns. Analyzing data spanning from 1984 to 2018, it becomes evident that the urban-rural income disparity has widened, prompting the need for comprehensive strategies to bridge this gap. The study underscores the multifaceted impact of RET on the household consumption structure (HCS), emphasizing four pivotal aspects: urbanization, agricultural mechanization, rural living security, and healthcare provisions. Empirical findings reveal the significant influence of these factors on the enhancement of HCS, with urbanization and agricultural mechanization showing particularly substantial effects. Furthermore, policy recommendations are proposed to steer this transformative process towards more equitable and sustainable outcomes. These include accelerating urbanization while addressing disparities, reforming the household registration system to promote labor transfer, bolstering agricultural mechanization for enhanced productivity, and fortifying the endowment insurance system to ensure social security parity between urban and rural areas. This research not only sheds light on the intricate relationship between RET and HCS but also offers actionable policy insights crucial for fostering balanced urban-rural development and bolstering the overall national economy.
摘要：
Removal of suspended solids (SS) is a prerequisite for delivering clean water. However, removal of ultrafine SS during water purification in a cost-effective manner remains a global challenge. Here we develop an injection-driven filter system that integrates a fully bio-based biodegradable nanofibre hydrogel film with a syringe to remove ultrafine SS for portable and sustainable water purification. The hydrogel film features a densely stacked and entangled nanofibre network, enabling it to reject ultrafine SS with a cut-off size of similar to 10 nm at a similar to 100% rejection efficiency, greatly surpassing commercial filter papers and microporous membranes. During operation, the flux of the injection-driven filter system reaches 90.6 g cm-2 h-1, which is 7.2 times higher than that of commercial polycarbonate ultrafiltration membrane operated under the same conditions. Moreover, this filter system demonstrates good scalability and reusability, with low cost and reduced environmental footprint. The versatility of this filter system is further proven by successful clean water production from various difficult-to-purify water resources, including muddy water, river water, dirty water from melted snow and nanoplastic-contaminated water. Overall, this work provides a facile yet cost-effective tool for sustainable water purification. Removal of ultrafine suspended solids from contaminated water in a cost-effective manner remains a global challenge. Here the authors develop an injection-driven filter system that is based on a fully bio-based biodegradable nanofibre hydrogel film to achieve such a goal.
作者机构：
[Li, Huiqin; Tang, Yajiao; Zhu, Yulin; Song, Mengjia] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Econ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Yulin] Hunan Res Ctr High Qual Dev Ind Econ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, YL ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Econ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Hunan Res Ctr High Qual Dev Ind Econ, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ecological zoning;zoning management policies;ecosystem service value;ecological risk;the Wuling Mountains area of Hunan Province
摘要：
Based on land use data from the Wuling Mountains area of Hunan Province for 2000, 2010, and 2020, we used tools such as frastats4.8 and ArcGIS10.8 to construct a model for assessing ecosystem service value and the ecological risk index. We divided the area into four regions based on ecosystem service value and ecological risk indicators, which served as the foundation for ecological zoning and a proposed strategy for an ecological security pattern that suits the ecology of the region. The results showed a general increase in both ecosystem service value and ecological risk in the study area from 2000 to 2020. The annual ecosystem service value exceeded CNY 300 x 109, with forests providing more than 77% of this value, and the regulating services value accounted for 68% of the total value. The mean ecological risk indexes for the periods of 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 0.0384, 0.0383, and 0.0395, respectively. The sizes of the four zones within the study area remained relatively stable: the ecological barrier zone accounted for more than 53% over three years; the ecological improvement zone, approximately 32%; the ecological control zone comprised 8.62% of the total area in 2000, and this proportion rose to 9.56% in 2020. The ecological conservation zone had the smallest proportion of the total area among the four zones. Our research provides a comprehensive analytical framework for constructing ecological security patterns in other developing countries and offers a new perspective for regional ecological zoning management and conservation planning.
摘要：
Ecologically fragile areas in China account for more than half of its land area. Performing early warning assessments and trend analyses of resource and environment carrying capacity in ecologically fragile areas can lay a scientific foundation for ecological conservation in the areas. Based on the connotation of resource and environment carrying capacity, an early warning index system of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture was constructed from the three aspects natural resource carrying capacity, eco-environment carrying capacity, and economic and social support capacity. The grey relational projection method model was used to analyze the current alarm situation of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture from 2011 to 2020, and then the back propagation (BP) neural network and a mathematical statistics software were used to predict the evolution of the alarm situation of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture from 2021 to 2025. The results demonstrated that (1) the natural resource carrying capacity subsystem was the main system of the development of the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture, and its impact on the resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture was greater than the eco-environment carrying capacity and economic and social support capacity; (2) the resource and environmental carrying capacity of Altay prefecture showed a slight upward trend from 2011 to 2020, although the range was constrained and the level of warning remained “moderate warning”. A spatial pattern of “weak in the middle, strong in the two poles” was exhibited by the warning scenario about the carrying capacity of each county and city. Except for the warning of Habahe County and Qinghe County, where the warning was slightly worse than that in 2020, the warning of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture and other counties and cities would show a trend of fluctuation and decline from 2021 to 2025. However, the degree of alarm did not change substantially and remained at the level of “moderate warning”; (3) the main factors restricting the mitigation of the warning of resource and environment carrying capacity in Altay prefecture included a low soil fertility index, a small total reservoir capacity, low per capita mineral resource reserves, a low water resource development and utilization rate, a low comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, and a low land output rate.
作者机构：
[Huang, Yin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Logist & Transportat, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yin Huang] A;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
distribution industry;poverty-stricken county;county economy;rural development;spatial characteristics;factors influencing
摘要：
Under the background of rural revitalization and domestic and international double circulation, vigorously developing the rural distribution industry is an important measure needed to accelerate the process of urban–rural integration, and to enhance the effect of poverty alleviation. In this study, 36 poverty-stricken counties in the southeast of Henan Province, China were selected as research objects; the evolution characteristics and factors influencing the counties’ distribution industries and their development were studied, using the modified gravity model, exploratory spatial data analysis, and a spatial econometric model. The overall scale of the county-level distribution industry in the poverty-stricken areas of southeast Henan expanded, but regional development was uneven, and a spatial pattern of “high in the northeast–low in the southwest” was demonstrated. Meanwhile, the development of the distribution industry in the counties of the district had a circular spatial trend of “agglomeration–diffusion–agglomeration”, with a significant local spatial polarization effect. In addition, the technology level, market demand, population size, and industrial structure adjustment had positive spatial spillover effects on the development of counties’ distribution industries, while labor and capital exerted negative spatial spillover effects. On this basis, to promote the interactive development of the distribution industry and rural economic growth and further accelerate the process of urban–rural integration, we should continually optimize the spatial layout of the distribution industry, improve the construction of county-level circulation infrastructure, and boost new circulation formats and models.
作者：
Zhang, Ying;Hu, Xijun;Liu, Zheng;Zhou, Chunling;Liang, Hong
期刊：
Sustainability,2023年15(1):295- ISSN：2071-1050
通讯作者：
Xijun Hu
作者机构：
[Zhang, Ying; Hu, Xijun] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Dept Landscape Architecture, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Ying; Hu, Xijun] Hunan Big Data Engn Technol Res Ctr Nat Protected, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Liang, Hong; Zhou, Chunling; Zhang, Ying] Qingdao Agr Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture & Forestry, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zheng] Qingdao Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xijun Hu] D;Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Greening can usually have a cooling effect on urban space; but is this law also applicable to coastal sloping urban space? The coastal urban space of Qingdao Haizhifeng Square, with a sloping topography, was the area we selected to study. The study area contained two parts: a coastal green space and a residential area. ENVI-met was used to create six scenarios. Different lawns, black pine and ash were planted in the two areas to study the cooling effect. The results showed that the closer the area was to the sea, the better the thermal comfort. In both the coastal green area and the residential area, trees increased the PET of the site, and the higher the LAI of the trees, the more obvious the thermal effect. At 15:00, the hottest time during the summer, the highest PET at pedestrian height was lowest in the scenario without trees, reaching 28.3 degrees C, and the highest was with full ash, reaching 34.3 degrees C. At the same time, the average difference in PET between the two scenarios was 1.4 degrees C. The highest PET at pedestrian height was generated in the area of the building away from the sea breeze, especially in the case of the sloping topography behind it or dense street trees on the urban road. Finally, it was concluded that, in urban spaces with a coastal slope topography, lawns should be planted in the coastal green part and low LAI trees in residential areas, and shade trees should not be planted on the coastal walkway. This afforestation strategy can provide a basis to formulate a strategy for promoting the design of regions with similar geographical and climatic conditions in the future.
摘要：
Grain yield prediction affects policy making in various aspects such as agricultural production planning, food security assurance, and adjustment of foreign trade. Accurately predicting grain yield is of great significance in ensuring global food security. This paper is based on the MODIS remote sensing image data products from 2010 to 2020, and adds band information such as vegetation index and temperature to form composite remote sensing data as a dataset. Aiming at the lack of models for large-scale forecasting and the need for human intervention in traditional models, this paper proposes a grain production estimation model based on deep learning. First, image cropping and yield mapping techniques are used to process the data to generate training samples. Then the channel and spatial attention mechanism (convolutional block attention module, CBAM) is added to extract spatial information in different remote sensing bands to improve the efficiency of the model. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks are added to obtain feature information in the time dimension. Finally, a national-scale grain yield prediction model is constructed. After the study, it was found that the LSTM model using a combination of multi-source satellite images and an attention mechanism can effectively predict grain yield in China. Furthermore, the proposed model was tested on data from 2018 to 2020 showing an average R-2 of 0.940 and an average RMSE of 80,020 tons, indicating that it can predict Chinese grain yield better. The model proposed in this paper extracts grain yield information directly from the composite remote sensing data, and solves the problem of small-scale research and imprecise yield prediction in an end-to-end manner.
摘要：
In this study, we formulate a freight vehicle path-planning model in the context of dynamic time-varying networks that aims to capture the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics inherent in the carbon dioxide emission trajectories of freight vehicles. Central to this model is the minimization of total carbon dioxide emissions from vehicle distribution, based on the comprehensive modal emission model (CMEM). Our model also employs the freight vehicle travel time discretization technique and the dynamic time-varying multi-path selection strategy. We then design an improved genetic algorithm to solve this complicated problem. Empirical results vividly illustrate the superior performance of our model over alternative objective function models. In addition, our observations highlight the central role of accurate period partitioning in time segmentation considerations. Finally, the experimental results underline that our multi-path model is able to detect the imprint of holiday-related effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon dioxide emission trajectories, especially when compared to traditional single-path models.
作者机构：
[She, Jiyun; Mao, Shuzhen; Zhang, Yi] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[She, JY ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
land use change;eco-environmental quality;remote sensing ecological index;Chang-Zhu-Tan core area
摘要：
In the past 20 years, the integration process of the Chang-Zhu-Tan region has been accelerating, and land use has undergone significant changes. Land use change is a fundamental factor causing changes in the quality of the ecological environment. It is crucial to analyze land use change in the context of rapid urbanization and its impact on the ecological environment to promote sustainable and high-quality regional development. This study takes the Chang-Zhu-Tan core area, which has the highest development and construction intensity, as the study area. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, the land use information is extracted using Landsat remote sensing image data and the random forest method. The remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) is constructed to analyze the ecological and environmental effects of land use change based on the spatial and temporal changes of land use types and ecological and environmental quality in the Chang-Zhu-Tan core area from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the most critical land use change in the study area from 2000 to 2020 is mainly the sharp increase in construction land, accompanied by a continuous decrease in forest and cropland. During this period, the eco-environmental quality of the study area showed a declining trend, with significant differences in spatial distribution, generally showing a distribution pattern of suburban counties outperforming central urban areas. In addition, the distribution and changes in land use and ecological environment quality coincide spatially. Different land use types have different impacts on ecological environment quality, with the conversion of forest and cropland to construction land being the main reason for the deterioration of eco-environmental quality in the study area. This study provides a basis for the coordinated development of the ecological environment and social economy in the Chang-Zhu-Tan area.
期刊：
International Journal of Finance & Economics,2023年28(2):1201-1213 ISSN：1076-9307
通讯作者：
Huang, Chuangxia
作者机构：
[Yang, Xin; Chen, Shan; Huang, Chuangxia] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Hunan Prov Key Lab Math Modeling & Anal Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Hong] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Econ, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Xiaoguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Chuangxia] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Hunan Prov Key Lab Math Modeling & Anal Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Financial institution network;jump volatility;panel data regression model
摘要：
The identification of systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs) is an important measure to deal with systemic risks. To achieve this goal, we first use generalized variance decomposition method and granger causality test to construct jump volatility spillover networks of Chinese financial institutions based on the 5-min high-frequency data. Then, out-strength and in-strength are adopted to analyze the SIFI. Finally, we use panel data regression model to investigate the determinant of the SIFIs. The empirical results show that: (a) The network density reaches a peak when the financial system under pressure during the China's stock market disaster of 2015. (b) Large banks and insurances usually display systemic importance, while some small financial institutions are also SIFIs due to their high value of out-strength and in-strength. (c) There are obvious differences in the factors that affect the out-strength and in-strength based on panel data regression model, but turnover rate, jump volatility, firm size and growth rate of total assets are the common driving factors.
作者机构：
[Liu, Tianzhi] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Forestry, Changsha 410018, Peoples R China.;[He, Jiawen; Luo, Fen] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Tourism, Changsha 410018, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fen Luo] C;College of Tourism, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410018, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
tourist flows;network structure;evolution
摘要：
Transportation facilitates the flow of tourists generating tourist flows, which produce flow effects on the spatial scale. By analyzing the evolution of tourist flows in Zhangjiajie by various modes of transportation over a long time series, the results show that the degree of development of the destination transportation network affects the dominance of the tourism node. Specifically, in the “train period”, Zhangjiajie, Changsha, Fenghuang, and Jishou core destinations become dominant with the “Matthew Effect”. In the “road period”, Jishou and Mengdonghe destinations decline, with the “Filtering Effect”. In the “high-speed railway period”, Zhangjiajie and Changsha are connected with more distant origins, and the “Diffusion Effect” occurs. It is worth noting that the development of high-speed rail has created a substitution effect for trains over long distances, and self-driving has created a substitution effect for trains over short and medium distances.
通讯机构：
[Wan, YD ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
关键词：
evaporative cooling;solar energy;mathematical models;hybrid system;sustainable development
摘要：
Recent advancements in single-stage evaporative cooling (EC) have showcased their effectiveness as an energy-efficient and sustainable air-conditioning (AC) solution. However, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of EC in various applications. These challenges include climate sensitivity, substantial spatial requirements, and limitations in achieving desired output temperatures. To address these concerns, there has been a growing focus on integrating EC with solar energy (SE) systems. With traditional energy resources being depleted, the use of SE has gained prominence as a sustainable solution to meet future energy demands while mitigating environmental pollution. This paper presents a comprehensive review of hybrid EC-SE systems, aiming to elucidate the potential synergies, benefits, and challenges associated with this integration. The review explores the principles and mathematical approaches of various configurations of EC systems to assess their compatibility with SE sources. Furthermore, the review delves into the mathematical model of SE, encompassing both solar power generation and thermal collectors, with the aim of integrating it into the EC model. It delves into key aspects of energy consumption and performance, showcasing advancements in achieving higher efficiency and enhanced cooling capacity through the hybrid systems. Additionally, the review highlights research gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for further exploration in this interdisciplinary field. In conclusion, this paper offers valuable insights into the potential of EC-SE systems to address energy and cooling requirements while promoting sustainable development.
摘要：
University-enterprise cooperation has experienced nearly 30 years of development in China, there are still a large number of failure cases in practice, and academic research often presents a unilateral situation of ‘enterprise-university’. This study starts with the bilateral matching between enterprises and universities, using data on invention patents jointly applied for by Chinese enterprises and universities from 2010 to 2020, discusses the influence of university-enterprise knowledge potential matching on the innovation performance of university-enterprise cooperation and the influence of university level and enterprise R&D investment intensity on the innovation performance of university-enterprise cooperation when the knowledge potential difference is similar. The results show that: (1) knowledge potential matching has a significant effect on the innovation performance of university-enterprise cooperation: the smaller the knowledge potential difference, the higher the innovation performance; (2) with similar knowledge potential difference, the level of the university has no significant impact on the innovation performance, and the R&D investment intensity of enterprises is positively correlated with the innovation performance of university-enterprise cooperation; (3) geographical proximity has a significant inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge potential matching and the innovation performance of university-enterprise cooperation.
作者机构：
[Wang, Hu; Deng, Xinjian] Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Adv Design & Mfg Vehicle Body, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Li, Enying] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Enying Li] C;College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
For the multi-objective design of heat sinks, several evolutionary algorithms usually require many iterations to converge, which is computationally expensive. Variable-fidelity multi-objective (VFO) methods were suggested to improve the efficiency of evolutionary algorithms. However, multi-objective problems are seldom optimized using VFO. Therefore, a variable-fidelity evolutionary method (VFMEM) was suggested. Similar to other variable-fidelity algorithms, VFMEM solves a high-fidelity model using a low-fidelity model. Compared with other algorithms, the distinctive characteristic of VFMEM is its application in multi-objective optimization. First, the suggested method uses a low-fidelity model to locate the region where the global optimal solution might be found. Sequentially, both high- and low-fidelity models can be integrated to find the real global optimal solution. Circulation distance elimination (CDE) was suggested to uniformly obtain the PF. To evaluate the feasibility of VFMEM, two classical benchmark functions were tested. Compared with the widely used multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), the efficiency of VFMEM was significantly improved and the Pareto frontier (PFs) could also be obtained. To evaluate the algorithm's feasibility, a polygonal pin fin heat sink (PFHS) design was carried out using VFMEM. Compared with the initial design, the results showed that the mass, base temperature, and temperature difference of the designed optimum heat sink were decreased 5.5%, 18.5%, and 62.0%, respectively. More importantly, if the design was completed directly by MOPSO, the computational cost of the entire optimization procedure would be significantly increased.
作者机构：
[Hu, Hanli; Yi, Dan] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Econ & Management, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Y; Cao, Yu] Cent South Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Li, Qingsong] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Sch Transportat & Logist, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, Y ] C;Cent South Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
green products;brown products;agent selling;direct selling;pricing strategies
摘要：
In order to respond to and take advantage of consumers’ growing interest in green products, an increasing number of firms are expanding their market share by introducing green versions of their brown products. However, firms are faced with the challenge of how to distribute green products to avoid mutual encroachment with brown products. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a Stackelberg game model consisting of a manufacturer (leader) and a retailer (follower), in which the manufacturer provides brown and green products, and then develops two channel structures for green products to be sold through the manufacturer (direct selling) and the retailer (agent selling). The results show that the manufacturer’s choice of green product distribution channels is affected by the direct selling costs and the market share of green consumers and their product preferences. When the direct selling cost is zero or consumers are green, the manufacturer always chooses direct selling. However, with an increase in the direct selling costs, if green consumers have a large difference in their preference for green and brown products, the manufacturer chooses agent selling, and vice versa. In particular, the impact of the market share of green consumers on the profits of the manufacturer is different in the two channel structures. The higher the market share of green consumers under agent selling, the more beneficial it is for the manufacturer. However, under direct selling, the profits of the manufacturer show an “inverted U” trend with the increase in the market share of green consumers. In addition, under certain conditions, the direct selling channels opened by the manufacturer are not necessarily to sell green products, but to maximize the market share of brown products. The strategy is to set high prices for green products in direct selling channels to stimulate consumers to buy brown products. These findings can provide insights for manufacturers to design appropriate green product distribution strategies.
